Fig. 4

Quantitative real-time PCR analysis for six genes expressed in the midgut of Bombyx mori. The expression levels of selected genes were upregulated at the time points of 24 and 48 hours in the midgut of Bombyx mori infected by Nosema bombycis. Abbreviations: sp1: serine protease 1; sp5: serine protease 5; sp11: serine protease 11; lp: lipase; mp: membrane protein; vas: vacuolar ATP synthase subunit G. Data are presented as the mean ± SE of triplicate experiments. Statistically significant differences between the infected groups and control non-infected groups were determined using Student’s t-test. *P-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant