Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Beach et al., 1993 [35]

Kenya, 1990

Quasi-experimental- with control group

Children < 6 years in 6 villages

Microscopy

ITN^b

82/195

NI^b

136/193

ITC

170/224

–

–

Charlwood et al., 2001 [36]

Eastern Sudan, 1997

Cluster RCT

All ages

PCR and microscopy

IRS

46/418

NI

38/451

–

–

–

–

Cisse et al., 2006 [37]

Sahel and sub-Sahel region, 2002–03

RCT

Children 2–59 months

PD

39/1315

NI

222/1321

–

–

–

–

Dicko et al., 2011 [38]

Mali, 2008

RCT

Children 3–59 months

Microscopy

PD

149/4346

NI

832/4148

–

–

–

–

Fraser-Hurt, 1999 [39]

Tanzania, 1996

RCT

Children 5–24 months

Microscopy

ITN

173/360

NI

234/360

–

–

–

–

Hale, 2003 [40]

Ghana, 1998

RCT

Adults

Microscopy

PD

6/131

NI

86/117

–

–

–

–

Hamel, 2011 [41]

Kenya, 2000

Quasi-experimental-control group

All ages > 6 months

RDT

IRS+ITN

114/7424

ITN

251/6840

–

–

–

–

Hill et al., 2014 [62]

Yunnan, China, 2007

RCT

All ages

Microscopy and RDT

ITN

12/10,854

NI

73/10,857

–

–

–

–

Kamol-Ratanakul et al., 1992 [53]

Thailand, 1987–88

RCT

Adults

Microscopy

ITN

28/1026

UN

51/1099

–

–

–

–

Konate et al., 2011 [42]

Ghana, 2004

RCT

Children < 6 years

Microscopy

ITN

332/4564

NI

982/3504

–

–

–

–

Kroeger et al., 1995 [63]

South America, 1991–94

Quasi-experimental-control group

All ages

Microscopy and RDT

ITN

899/38,260

NI

1617/40,668

–

–

–

–

Kweku et al., 2008 [43]

Ghana, 2005–06

RCT

Children 3–59 months

Microscopy

PD (monthly)^b

44/3756

PD (bimonthly)

112/3678

PD (monthly)

109/3372

NI^b

183/3900

Luxemburger et al., 1994 [54]

Thailand-Burma, 1990–91

RCT

School children 4–15 years

Microscopy

ITN

29/933

UN

52/939

–

–

–

–

Lwin et al., 2012 [59]

Thailand, 2006–08

RCT

Adults

Microscopy

PD

5/2000

NI

69/845

–

–

–

–

Marbiah et al., 1998 [44]

Sierra Leone, 1992–93

Cluster RCT

Children 3 months to 6 years

Microscopy

ITN

48/590

NI

90/559

–

–

–

–

Mwangi et al., 2003 [45]

Kenya, 2000

Quasi-experimental-control group

Children < 19 years

Microscopy

UN^b

62/638

UN^a

22/42

NI^b

58/383

–

–

Nankabirwa et al., 2014 [46]

Uganda, 2011–12

RCT

Children 6–14 years

Microscopy

PD (monthly)^b

3/2886

PD (school term)

81/2857

NI^b

83/2912

–

–

Nevill et al., 1988 [47]

Kenya, NR

RCT

Children 6–18 years

Microscopy

UN^b

1/130

PD^b

8/123

NI

35/123

–

–

Odhiambo et al., 2010 [48]

Kenya, 2004–08

RCT

Infants 5–16 weeks

Microscopy

PD^e

2/334

PD

2/334

NI^e

17/325

–

–

Pinder et al., 2015 [49]

Gambia, 2010–11

Cluster RCT

Children 6 months to 14 years

Microscopy and RDT

IRS

15/886

NI

17/899

–

–

–

–

Rowland et al., 1996 [55]

Pakistan, 1991

Quasi-experimental- control group

All ages

Microscopy

ITN

235/8388

NI

541/8364

–

–

–

–

Sahu et al., 2003 [57]

India, 1999

Cluster RCT

All ages

Microscopy

ITN

3/551

NI

9/565

–

–

–

–

Sesay et al., 2011 [50]

Gambia, 2008

RCT

Children < 5 years

Microscopy

PD

1/2248

NI

3/2279

–

–

–

–

Sexton et al., 1990 [51]

Kenya, 1988

RCT

All ages

Microscopy

ITN^e

55/339

ITC

34/323

NI^e

75/322

–

–

Shah et al., 2013 [61]

India, 2006–11

Quasi-experimental- control group

All ages

Microscopy

ITN

124/34,272

NI

45/18,624

–

–

–

–

Sharma et al., 2009 [58]

India, 2006–07

Cluster RCT

All ages

Microscopy

ITN^e

16/23,436

UN^b

48/24,228

NI

50/12696

–

–

Smithuis et al., 2013 [32]

Myanmar, 1998

Cluster RCT

Children < 10 years

Microscopy

ITN

351/3989

NI

713/4053

–

–

–

–

Snow et al., 1988 [52]

Gambia, 1986

Cluster RCT

Children 1–9 years

Microscopy

UN

22/435

NI

20/303

–

–

–

–

Soleimani-Ahmad et al., 2012 [60]

Iran, 2009–10

Cluster RCT

All ages

Microscopy

ITN

17/7008

NI

35/7145

–

–

–

–

Taylor et al., 1999 [56]

Indonesia, 1996-97

RCT

Adult (non-pregnant) 18–55 years

Microscopy

PD^b

28/467

PD

3/265

NI^e

56/142

–

–