Spatio-temporal genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae in the Northwestern Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda: implications for genetic control trials in malaria endemic regions

Table 3 Hierarchical AMOVA of mtDNA nad5 variation within and among three island populations and three sampling periods (years)^a

Scenario	Hierarchical level	Variation (%)	Φ	P ^b
Years Clustered Within Islands	Among islands	0.62	Φ_CT 0.0062	0.254
	Among years within islands	4.55	Φ_SC 0.0458	< 0.001
	Within subpopulations	94.83	Φ_ST 0.0517	< 0.001
Islands Clustered Within Years	Among years	0.11	Φ_CT 0.0011	0.285
	Among islands within years	4.94	Φ_SC 0.0495	< 0.001
	Within subpopulations	94.94	Φ_ST 0.0506	< 0.001

^aIslands of Bugala, Bukasa and Nsadzi, in 2002, 2012 and 2015.
^bProbability of obtaining a more extreme Φ value by chance alone, determined by 1000 random permutations in Arlequin 3.5

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