| |
Time (hours)
|
---|
|
Concentration (mg/ml)
|
0
|
2
|
4
|
6
|
8
|
10
|
12
|
14
|
16
|
18
|
20
|
22
|
24
|
---|
Control (+)
|
–
|
100
|
49b
|
22b
|
9b
|
2b
|
0b
|
0b
|
0b
|
0b
|
0b
|
0b
|
0b
|
0
|
Control (-) 1
|
–
|
100a
|
100
|
91
|
84
|
71
|
53
|
40
|
31
|
22
|
16
|
11
|
7
|
0a
|
Control (-) 2
|
–
|
100a
|
100
|
91
|
80
|
64
|
51
|
33
|
24
|
18
|
13
|
4
|
2
|
0a
|
C. aurantifolia
|
50.0
|
100a
|
49a,b
|
27a,b
|
11a,b
|
7a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a
|
5.0
|
100a
|
49a,b
|
27a,b
|
18a,b
|
9a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a
|
0.5
|
100a
|
87b
|
58b
|
40b
|
13b
|
9b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a
|
A. nobilis
|
50.0
|
100a
|
44a,b
|
13a,b
|
4a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a
|
5.0
|
100a
|
49a,b
|
18a,b
|
13a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a
|
0.5
|
100a
|
69b
|
38b
|
33b
|
16b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a
|
L. officinalis
|
50.0
|
100a
|
44a,b
|
31a,b
|
13a,b
|
7a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a
|
5.0
|
100a
|
56a,b
|
36b
|
29b
|
1 a,b
|
2a,b
|
0a
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a
|
0.5
|
100a
|
82b
|
54b
|
44b
|
24b
|
13b
|
9a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a,b
|
0a
|
- Key: Control (+), levamisole 20 mg/ml; Control (-) 1, PBS + antibiotic (penicillin/streptomycin) 4% + tween 80 2%; Control (-) 2, PBS + antibiotic (penicillin/streptomycin) 4%
- aNo statistically significant difference between positive control and treatments
- bSignificant difference between positive control or treatments with negative control (ANOVA, followed by Tukey test; P < 0.05)