Table 1 Summary statistics of environmental covariables

 Proportion of artificial land (%)

12.6

4.9

7.6–20.5

 Proportion of wetland (%)

1.4

1.1

0.7–4.2

 Proportion of grassland (%)

30.0

5.7

21.2–39.5

 Proportion of arable land (%)

18.5

12.8

4.8–43.1

 Proportion of permanent crops (%)

0.4

0.5

0–1.6

 Proportion of fallow land (%)

0.4

0.2

0.2–0.7

 Proportion of hardwood forest (%)

10.6

6.4

0.9–19.5

 Proportion of conifer forest (%)

9.6

8.1

0.3–22.9

 Proportion of forest (unspecified type) (%)

13.9

5.8

3.2–21.9

 Public forest (%)

32.0

19.0

2.2–67.8

 Area-weighted mean shape index (-)

2.2

0.2

2.0–2.7

 Area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension (-)

1.30

0.01

1.29–1.31

 Edge density (m/ha)

150.8

46.2

97.2–216.0

 Patch density number (#/ha)

0.2

0.1

0.1–0.4

 Boar density per TMU (n/km²)

4.4

1.4

2.4–7.3

 Roe deer density per TMU (n/km²)

7.3

1.4

6.1–10.1

 Red deer density per TMU (n/km²)

2.1

1.2

0–3.5

 Boar shot per TMU (n/km²)

3.7

1.8

1.2–6.7

 Roe deer shot per TMU (n/km²)

3.2

0.6

2.7–4.3

 Red deer shot per TMU (n/km²)

0.9

0.5

0–1.4

 Natura 2000

0.3

0.06

0.2–0.5

 Slope

6.3

1.5

3.9–8.9

 ST₃ - < 5%

17.9

2.3

13.9–22.1

 ST₃ - 5–24%

24.0

4.3

15.6–29.1

 ST₃ - 25–49%

15.2

3.0

10.6–19.7

 ST₃ - 50–75%

7.1

1.2

5.6–8.9

 ST₃ - > 75%

3.1

1.0

1.4–5.5

 ST_3–9 - < 5%

9.1

1.8

6.9–12.4

 ST_3–9 - 5–24%

16.2

3.7

10.2–24.2

 ST_3–9 - 25–49%

16.3

4.6

9.3–21.4

 ST_3–9 - 50–75%

11.4

4.3

5.0–17.2

 ST_3–9 - > 75%

8.5

3.0

4.6–12.5