Searching for the proverbial needle in a haystack: advances in mosquito-borne arbovirus surveillance

Parasites & Vectors

Table 1 Animal species that have been used as sentinels for arbovirus surveillance

Animal	Virus	Example location	References
Chickens	WNV	USA, UK	[119, 120]
	SLEV	USA	[121]
	MVEV, WNV_KUN	Australia	[122]
Pheasants	WNV, SLEV, EEEV	USA	[123, 124]
Pigs	JEV	Japan, Australia, Thailand	[125,126,127]
Dogs	WNV	USA, Africa	[128, 129]
Dogs	JEV	Japan, Thailand	[130, 131]
Sheep and goats	RVFV	Africa, Saudi Arabia	[132,133,134]
Cattle	BTV, Akabane	Australia, Papua New Guinea, Japan	[135,136,137]
Horses	EEEV, WEEV	Argentina	[138]
Horses	WNV, SLE	Colombia	[139]
Hamsters	EEEV, VEEV	USA, Central and South America	[140,141,142,143]
Non-human primates	YFV	Brazil, Argentina	[144,145,146,147]

Abbreviations: WNV, West Nile virus; SLEV, St. Louis encephalitis virus; MVEV, Murray Valley encephalitis virus; WNV_KUN, West Nile virus (Kunjin subtype); EEEV, eastern equine encephalitis virus; JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus; RVFV, Rift Valley fever virus; BTV, bluetongue virus; WEEV, western equine encephalitis virus; VEEV, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; YFV, yellow fever virus

ISSN: 1756-3305