Fig. 5

cox1 mismatch distribution pattern for two haplogroups of R. appendiculatus. a shows the overall mismatch distribution pattern for all AEZs, b and c show the mismatch distribution of nucleotide sequences in haplogroups A and B, respectively. The x-axis shows the number of pairwise differences between pairs of haplotype sequences and the y-axis shows their frequencies (in %). The observed frequencies are represented by solid histograms and the simulated mismatch distributions expected under demographic expansion (solid black line) and under spatial expansion (dotted black line). Simulated curves under range and demographic expansion have same pattern in these figures, they overlapped