Fig. 5

Freezing survival of U. pallikuukensis (UP) and V. eleguneniensis (VE) at four sub-zero temperatures and different freezing durations. The proportion surviving was calculated as the total number of L1 surviving over the total number of initially viable L1 in all wells for that species, temperature, and day combination. The error bars represent the 95% confidence interval on the proportion, calculated as p ± 1.96*[p*(1-p)/i] where p is the proportion, and i is the initial viable L1. An experiment could not be performed for V. eleguneniensis at -80 °C because insufficient larvae of this species were available