Plasmodium and intestinal parasite perturbations of the infected host’s inflammatory responses: a systematic review

Lo, Aminata Colle; Faye, Babacar; Gyan, Ben Adu; Amoah, Linda Eva

doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2948-8

Table 2 Changes in cytokine profiles during parasitic infections. A selection of results obtained from selected Plasmodium, helminth and Plasmodium-helminth co-infection studies conducted in Africa and South America

From: Plasmodium and intestinal parasite perturbations of the infected host’s inflammatory responses: a systematic review

Year	Country	Study population	Parasite	Cytokines	Reference
2016	Indonesia	All age groups	Helminths	Increased in vitro production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to Pf after treatment	[108]
2015	Gabon	Children	Schistosoma haematobium	Innate or adaptive immune response to Pf with or without Schistosoma co-infection was similar	[90]
2015	Kenya	Children	Polyparasite	IL-10 increased with Schistosoma infection but decreased in Schistosoma/filaria co-infections	[90]
				IL-6 increased with Pf infection but decreased in Pf/hookworm co-infection	[109]
				IL-6 and TNF-α levels were not affected by Schistosoma infection	[109]
2014	Nigeria	Children	Schistosoma haematobium	IL-10 did not change with Schistosoma infection but IFN- γ increased in older children	[110]
2014	Brazil	All age groups	Giardia intestinalis, Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongiloides stercoralis	TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10 and IL-6 were low but IFN-γ was high in co-infected people	[91]
2013	Ghana	All age groups	Necator americanus and Giardia lamblia	Pf exposure increased TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-7 production	[155]
2012	Mali	Children	Schistosoma haematobium	Higher Th1 cytokines in Schistosoma/Pf co-infections	[88]
2012	Mali	All age groups	Filaria	IL-12 low in filarial-positive, in vitro filarial-positive associated with IFN regulatory factor 1, no IL-12 in response to malaria antigen stimulation	[156]
2011	Mali	All age groups	Filaria	Filarial infection with asymptomatic malaria was associated with an increase in IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17A. PBMC stimulation with Pf antigen reduced IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17A in the filiarial infection	[73]
2011	Senegal	All age groups	Schistosoma haematobium	Higher IL-10 in the co-infected group	[157]
2010	Senegal	Children	Schistosoma haematobium	Schizont extract produced IL-10 only in co-infected group	[158]
2009	West Kenya	Children	Schistosoma mansoni	Memory T-regulators cells decreased in co-infected children	[159]

Pf, Plasmodium falciparum

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ISSN: 1756-3305

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