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Table 3 Adulticidal activity of EOs and PBO against pyrethroid susceptible (MCM-S) and resistant (PMD-R) strains of Ae. aegypti

From: Synergy in the adulticidal efficacy of essential oils for the improvement of permethrin toxicity against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae)

Essential oil dosage (μg/mg female)

%mortality (mean ± SE)

Adulticidal activity (95% CI, μg/mg female)

χ 2

df

SE

Regression coefficient

LD25

LD50

LD90

Cyperus rotundus

MCM-S

 

6.12

10.05

17.52

0.34

3

0.16

6.22

 4.80

17.00 ± 1.58

(4.95–6.99)

(9.37–10.78)

(16.00–19.76)

    

 6.72

29.00 ± 1.66

       

 9.60

48.50 ± 2.16

       

 11.52

60.50 ± 1.55

       

 14.40

76.00 ± 1.41

       

PMD-R

 

5.82

9.57

16.70

1.02

3

0.27

6.48

 4.80

18.00 ± 0.76

(4.66–6.68)

(8.91–10.25)

(15.34–18.68)

    

 6.72

34.00 ± 1.07

       

 9.60

48.00 ± 1.51

       

 11.52

63.00 ± 1.16

       

 14.40

81.50 ± 2.07

       

Alpinia galanga

MCM-S

 

6.49

7.97

10.77

0.12

2

0.66

16.85

 7.12

34.50 ± 1.06

(5.64–6.98)

(7.61–8.25)

(10.18–11.81)

    

 8.01

52.00 ± 1.06

       

 8.90

65.50 ± 1.18

       

 9.79

80.00 ± 1.41

       

PMD-R

 

6.80

7.94

10.12

0.84

2

1.76

20.62

 7.12

30.00 ± 1.41

(6.25–7.16)

(7.67–8.17)

(9.72–10.74)

    

 8.01

55.00 ± 0.71

       

 8.90

69.00 ± 0.71

       

 9.79

86.50 ± 1.85

       

Cinnamomum verum

MCM-S

 

2.58

3.30

4.66

5.02

3

2.51

32.16

 2.55

23.00 ± 1.58

(2.33–2.77)

(3.16–3.43)

(4.44–4.98)

    

 3.06

44.50 ± 2.29

       

 3.57

61.00 ± 2.92

       

 4.08

69.50 ± 1.59

       

 4.59

92.50 ± 2.23

       

PMD-R

 

2.50

3.22

4.59

1.96

3

0.45

31.67

 2.55

28.00 ± 1.31

(2.24–2.70)

(3.08–3.35

(4.37–4.89)

    

 3.06

44.00 ± 0.93

       

 3.57

61.00 ± 1.16

       

 4.08

75.50 ± 0.99

       

 4.59

93.00 ± 2.25

       

PBO

MCM-S

 

1.63

6.30

15.18

1.67

3

0.66

5.2

 4.24

34.50 ± 1.63

(-1.02–3.21)

(5.14–7.15)

(13.52–17.97)

    

 6.36

53.50 ± 1.84

       

 8.48

65.50 ± 2.33

       

 10.60

72.75 ± 2.04

       

 12.72

80.50 ± 1.20

       

PMD-R

 

0.70

4.79

12.55

0.69

2

0.80

5.81

 4.24

44.25 ± 2.70

(-2.76–2.48)

(3.24–5.72)

(11.01–15.50)

    

 6.36

63.50 ± 1.75

       

 8.48

72.75 ± 2.90

       

 10.60

82.25 ± 1.96

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