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Fig. 3 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 3

From: Hematobin is a novel immunomodulatory protein from the saliva of the horn fly Haematobia irritans that inhibits the inflammatory response in murine macrophages

Fig. 3

HTB inhibits inflammatory cytokine production and NF-κB phosphorylation by activated macrophages. Macrophages were pre-incubated overnight with HTB (1000 nM) and stimulated with LPS plus IFN-γ (10 ng/ml of each, final concentration). The production of TNF-α (a) and IL-12p40 (b) were detected after 6 h and 24 h, respectively, in cell-free supernatants by ELISA. The phosphorylation of NF-κB was evaluated after 30 min in cell lysates by Western blot (c). The expression of phosphorilated NF-κB and β-actin were determined by densitometry analysis of the bands. The results are presented as a percentage of the control, which corresponds to unstimulated cells (d). The data represent the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 versus control and #P < 0.05 versus LPS/IFN-γ-activated cells

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