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Table 3 Results of faeces examination of red foxes in different regions of Poland

From: Prevalence of intestinal helminths of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in central Europe (Poland): a significant zoonotic threat

 

Overall (all regions)

(n = 344)

South-East

(n = 140)

North

(n = 92)

North-East

(n = 112)

Trematoda

% Pos (95% CI)

43.3

(38.2–48.6)

7.9

(4.5–13.5)

62.0

(51.8–71.2)

72.3

(63.4–79.8)

EPG (CV%)

917.4

(249.6)

37.3

(95.0)

754.0

(210.7)

1154.0

(241.8)

Taeniidae

% Pos (95% CI)

11.3

(8.4–15.1)

14.3

(9.5–21.0)

2.2

(0.6–7.6)

15.2

(9.7–23.0)

EPG (CV%)

800.0

(298.9)

1244.3

(261.1)

115.0

(79.9)

331.8

(131.9)

Mesocestoides spp.

% Pos (95% CI)

3.5

(2.0–6.0)

2.1

(0.7–6.1)

6.5

(3.0–13.5)

2.7

(0.9–7.6)

EPG (CV%)

668.8

(182.0)

1,400.0

(92.9)

599.0

(237.3)

69.0

(106.3)

Toxocara spp.

% Pos (95% CI)

25.0

(20.7–29.8)

20.0

(14.2–27.4)

22.8

(15.5–32.4)

33.0

(25.0–42.2)

EPG (CV%)

321.9

(146.9)

344.4

(149.5)

341.9

(139.0)

289.4

(152.2)

Toxascaris leonina

% Pos (95% CI)

5.2

(3.3–8.1)

8.6

(5.0–14.4)

0.0

(0.0–4.0)

5.4

(2.5–11.2)

EPG (CV%)

348.2

(109.0)

527.0

(109.3)

199.2

(76.6)

Hookworms

% Pos (95% CI)

15.4

(12.0–19.6)

10.0

(6.1–16.1)

30.4

(22.0–40.5)

9.8

(5.6–16.7)

EPG (CV%)

276.6

(336.2)

577.6

(301.8)

209.5

(172.7)

64.1

(95.3)

Trichuris vulpis

% Pos (95% CI)

1.7

(0. 8–3.8)

0.7

(0.1–3.9)

4.3

(1.7–10.7)

0.9

(0.2–4.9)

EPG (CV%)

128.1

(102.7)

88.3

(77.3)

90.0

(106.3)

400.0

Capillaria a

% Pos (95% CI)

76.2

(71.4–80.4)

65.7

(57.5–73.1)

84.8

(76.1–90.7)

82.1

(74.0–88.1)

EPG (CV%)

810.7

(230.6)

372.8

(186.0)

1,250.8

(231.4)

864.7

(164.2)

Coccidia

% Pos (95% CI)

7.6

(5.2–11.0)

10. 0

(6.1–16.1)

4.3

(1.7–10.7)

7.1

(3.7–13.5)

OPG (CV%)

9785.6

(455.4)

17,283.6

(351.2)

271.5

(139.5)

1420.6

(172.7)

  1. aBecause of the lack of Capillaria worms in the intestines it should be classified as Eucoleus aerophilus (syn. Capillaria aerophila)
  2. Abbreviations: % Pos. percentage of positive samples, EPG eggs per gram, OPG oocysts per gram, CV coefficient of variation, CI confidence interval