Fig. 1

A schematic of our mosquito stage-structured model. The adult stage dynamics is considerably different in male and female mosquitoes primarily because male mosquitoes do not feed on vertebrate hosts and hence do not enter a host-seeking phase. Male adults are composed of newly emerged individuals plus the adult males that survived the previous day. Female adults are grouped in three classes: (i) unfed individuals that are currently host-seeking (newly emerged individuals, individuals that did not find a host the previous day, and individuals that laid eggs the previous day and are starting a new gonotrophic cycle), Eq. 12; (ii) fed individuals, Eq. 13; and (iii) resting individuals, Eq. 14. The model tracks the three potential genotypes j ∈ (SS, RS, RR) of the individuals through their developmental stages. The total number of eggs laid by all females is Λ (Eqs. 15 to 17), of which (1 − φ)Λ are males and φΛ are females. We assume adult females mate once upon emergence, while males can mate multiple times. The θ parameters refer to the duration of each stage in days, and ρ to the proportion of individuals that survive per day in a given stage (e, eggs; l, larvae; p, pupae)