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Table 2 Pearson’s chi-square results for distributions of physiological status in ground and canopy traps. Physiological statuses included were nulliparous, parous, gravid, blood-fed, and male. Nulliparous and parous counts were combined for C. venustus due to an inability to reliably determine parity. Males were excluded from the chi-square analysis for C. biguttatus since no male individuals were collected at either height. Private hunting preserve, Gadsden Co. FL, USA

From: Vertical stratification of Culicoides biting midges at a Florida big game preserve

Year

Species

χ 2

df

P-value

2016

C. haematopotus

26.991

4

<0.001***

C. stellifer

266.05

4

<0.001***

C. venustus

10.656

3

0.014**

2017

C. arboricola

81.905

4

<0.001***

C. biguttatus

3.396

3

0.335

C. debilipalpis

4.660

4

0.324

C. haematopotus

81.905

4

<0.001***

C. insignis

10.05

4

0.04*

C. stellifer

107.83

4

<0.001***

C. venustus

13.273

3

0.004**

  1. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001