Malaria transmission intensity
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High
|
High
|
Low
|
High
|
Low
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Study locations
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Districts of Ifangni, Sakété, Pobé and Kétou (Departement de Plateau)
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Districts of Garoua, Pitoa and Mayo Oulo (North region)
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Subdistrict of Keshkal (Kondagaon, Chhattisgarh)
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Districts of Teso, Rachuonyo, Nyando and Bondo (western Kenya)
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El Hoosh and Hag Abdalla (Gezira State); Galabat (Gedarif State; New Halfa (Kassala State)
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Number of clusters sampled
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32
|
38
|
80
|
61
|
79
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Entomological sampling points (years)
|
2011–2015
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2012–2015
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2013–2016
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2011–2015
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2011–2014
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Main malaria vectors
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Anopheles gambiae (s.s.)a, Anopheles coluzziia
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An. arabiensisa, An. gambiae (s.s.)a, An. funestus
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An. culicfacies
a
|
An. gambiae (s.s.)a, An. arabiensisa, An. funestus
|
An. arabiensis
a
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Vector control interventions
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High coverage of ITNs (primarily PermaNet 2.0) in all clusters
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High coverage of ITNs (PermaNet 2.0) in all clusters
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High coverage of ITNs (PermaNet 2.0) in all clusters
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High coverage of ITNs (PermaNet 2.0 and Olyset Net) in all clusters. Rachuonyo and Nyando received IRS with deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in 2012, but no IRS was carried out subsequently
|
High coverage of ITNs (PermaNet 2.0) in all study clusters. In each study area half of clusters randomly allocated to receive additional IRS with bendiocarb
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Baseline insecticide resistance information (cluster-specific range)
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Kdr frequency by cluster ranged from 44 to 93% (2011) WHO Bioassay mortality to deltamethrin ranged between 20–100% (2011)
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Kdr frequency by cluster ranged from 9 to 65% (2011) WHO Bioassay mortality to deltamethrin ranged between 43–100% (2012)
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WHO Bioassay mortality to deltamethrin ranged between 86–100%
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WHO Bioassay mortality to deltamethrin ranged between 1–100% (2011)
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Kdr frequency by cluster ranged from 8.3 to 70.8% (2010); WHO Bioassay mortality to deltamethrin in sentinel clusters ranged between 47–100% (2011)
|