Table 1 Details of study sampling and sites including vector control coverage and insecticide resistance prevalence at baseline
| Â | Study sampling sites | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benin | Cameroon | India | Kenya | Sudan | |
Malaria transmission intensity | High | High | Low | High | Low |
Study locations | Districts of Ifangni, Sakété, Pobé and Kétou (Departement de Plateau) | Districts of Garoua, Pitoa and Mayo Oulo (North region) | Subdistrict of Keshkal (Kondagaon, Chhattisgarh) | Districts of Teso, Rachuonyo, Nyando and Bondo (western Kenya) | El Hoosh and Hag Abdalla (Gezira State); Galabat (Gedarif State; New Halfa (Kassala State) |
Number of clusters sampled | 32 | 38 | 80 | 61 | 79 |
Entomological sampling points (years) | 2011–2015 | 2012–2015 | 2013–2016 | 2011–2015 | 2011–2014 |
Main malaria vectors | Anopheles gambiae (s.s.)a, Anopheles coluzziia | An. arabiensisa, An. gambiae (s.s.)a, An. funestus | An. culicfacies a | An. gambiae (s.s.)a, An. arabiensisa, An. funestus | An. arabiensis a |
Vector control interventions | High coverage of ITNs (primarily PermaNet 2.0) in all clusters | High coverage of ITNs (PermaNet 2.0) in all clusters | High coverage of ITNs (PermaNet 2.0) in all clusters | High coverage of ITNs (PermaNet 2.0 and Olyset Net) in all clusters. Rachuonyo and Nyando received IRS with deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in 2012, but no IRS was carried out subsequently | High coverage of ITNs (PermaNet 2.0) in all study clusters. In each study area half of clusters randomly allocated to receive additional IRS with bendiocarb |
Baseline insecticide resistance information (cluster-specific range) | Kdr frequency by cluster ranged from 44 to 93% (2011) WHO Bioassay mortality to deltamethrin ranged between 20–100% (2011) | Kdr frequency by cluster ranged from 9 to 65% (2011) WHO Bioassay mortality to deltamethrin ranged between 43–100% (2012) | WHO Bioassay mortality to deltamethrin ranged between 86–100% | WHO Bioassay mortality to deltamethrin ranged between 1–100% (2011) | Kdr frequency by cluster ranged from 8.3 to 70.8% (2010); WHO Bioassay mortality to deltamethrin in sentinel clusters ranged between 47–100% (2011) |