Table 4 Results from univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for parasitic infection in two districts of Nepal in March-May 2015. The multivariate global model includes a random intercept at the level of school adjusting sex, age and district, where all the variables were assessed one by one and retained for the global model if their P-value is < 0.2 in univariate analysis (values in bold). The final model was obtained by using backward selection with the same level of 0.2

 Female

282 (50.2)

1.00

1.00

 Male

280 (49.8)

1.10

0.77–1.58

0.60

1.09

0.75–1.59

0.64

 13–16 years

440 (78.3)

1.00

 8–12 years

122 (21.7)

0.65

0.42–1.03

0.07

0.61

0.38–0.99

0.04

 Dolakha

444 (79.0)

1.00

–

 Ramechhap

118 (21.0)

0.77

0.25–2.39

0.65

0.93

0.30– 2.90

0.90

 Lower category

245 (31.1)

1.00

 Middle category

142 (25.3)

0.87

0.55–1.38

0.56

 Higher category

175 (31.1)

0.89

0.57–1.37

0.59

 From school

491 (87.4)

1.00

 From home

71 (12.6)

0.85

0.48–1.49

0.56

 Playing (yes vs no)

173 (30.8)

1.12

0.76–1.66

0.57

 Fishing (yes vs no)

68 (12.1)

1.04

0.59–1.82

0.89

 Laundry (yes vs no)

199 (35.4)

1.23

0.82–1.85

0.32

 Domestic chores (yes vs no)

142 (25.3)

1.18

0.75–1.87

0.48

 Using latrine at school (yes vs no)

550 (97.9)

0.69

0.26–1.85

0.47

 Tamang

13 (37.9)

1.00

 Brahmin

101 (18.0)

1.08

0.62–1.90

0.78

1.20

0.67–2.17

0.53

 Chhetri

210 (37.4)

0.97

0.61–1.53

0.89

1.00

0.62–1.62

0.99

 Newar

33 (5.9)

1.32

0.55–3.16

0.54

1.29

0.52–3.17

0.58

 Janajati

5 (0.9)

3.60

0.50–25.97

0.20

3.98

0.52–30.54

0.18

 Never went to school

210 (37.4)

1.00

 Primary education

144 (25.6)

0.91

0.55–1.51

0.71

1.00

0.60–1.69

1.00

 Secondary education

143 (25.4)

0.98

0.54–1.79

0.96

1.27

0.67–2.41

0.47

 Higher education

65 (11.6)

0.70

0.31–1.62

0.41

0.90

0.38–2.16

0.82

 Farmer

458 (81.5)

1.00

–

 Public services

39 (6.9)

0.62

0.29–1.37

0.24

0.55

0.24–1.25

0.15

 Business

40 (7.1)

0.87

0.39–1.93

0.73

0.87

0.37–2.04

0.75

 Other

25 (4.5)

0.36

0.13–0.96

0.04

0.35

0.13–0.99

0.05

 Poor

298 (53.0)

1.00

 Average

215 (38.3)

1.34

0.91–1.98

0.14

1.29

0.86–1.92

0.22

 High

49 (8.7)

1.02

0.53–1.99

0.95

0.88

0.45–1.76

0.73

 Private tap

287 (51.1)

1.00

 Protected spring

13 (2.3)

1.84

0.50–6.81

0.36

 Public tap

36 (6.4)

1.31

0.51–3.26

0.53

 Other

226 (40.2)

1.16

0.75–1.79

0.50

 Private tap

285 (50.7)

1.00

 Protected spring

1 (0.2)

na

 Public tap

44 (7.8)

1.12

0.49–2.54

0.79

 Other

232 (41.3)

1.31

0.86–2.01

0.21

Water sufficiency for drinking and household chores

439 (78.1)

0.85

0.50–1.42

0.53

 Daily

347 (61.7)

1.00

 Never

40 (7.1)

1.41

0.65–3.06

0.39

 Weekly

175 (31.1)

1.36

0.85–2.17

0.20

 Metal

264 (31.1)

1.00

 Plastic

258 (61.7)

1.22

0.79–1.89

0.37

 Clay pot

40 (7.1)

0.56

0.23–1.37

0.21

 Covered

417 (74.2)

1.00

 Uncovered

145 (25.8)

1.01

0.64–1.61

0.96

Drinking water container used for other activity (yes vs no)

111 (19.8)

1.35

0.78–2.33

0.29

Water treatment prior to consumption (yes vs no)

76 (13.5)

0.74

0.41–1.35

0.33

Water contamination with thermotolerant coliform (yes vs no)

154 (27.4)

1.06

0.70–1.60

0.79

 Water seal latrine

283 (50.4)

1.00

 No latrine

168 (29.9)

0.92

0.55–1.54

0.76

 Open pit latrine with slab

97 (17.3)

0.75

0.41–1.35

0.33

 Open pit latrine without slab

14 (2.5)

1.07

0.33–3.46

0.90

Soap for handwashing available (no vs yes)

417 (74.2)

1.85

1.18–2.92

0.01

1.81

1.13–2.89

0.01

Waste disposal (yes vs no)

273 (48.6)

1.03

0.70–1.52

0.88

Possession of domestic animals (yes vs no)

507 (90.2)

1.07

0.57–2.02

0.83

Animals held outside the house (yes vs no)

307 (54.6)

0.89

0.57–1.39

0.62