Fig. 1

Enhancing effect of calcofluor on the toxicity of wild-type Cry4Ba toward Ae. aegypti larvae. Larvae were fed with various concentrations of wild-type Cry4Ba toxin in the presence (+) or absence (-) of calcofluor for 24 h, LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ were estimated (a). The larvae were fed with toxin at LC₉₀ alone (dash line), and toxin with calcofluor (solid line) and percent mortality was recorded after 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h incubation period (b). Larvae were pre-incubated with 0.1% calcofluor for 0.25 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h and 2 h before 24 h feeding with toxin at LC₉₀, and percent mortality was then recorded (c). Larvae were pre-exposed with 0.1% calcofluor for 2 h, and then the solution was replaced with toxin inclusion at LC₉₀. Percent mortality was recorded after 3 h, 6 h and 12 h and presented as percent mortality + SEM (as T-bars) (d). Comparison of toxicity of Cry4Ba toxin toward larvae, which were 2 h pre-exposed with 0.1% calcofluor and continuously fed with the calcofluor together with LC₉₀ of the toxin for 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h, and represented as folds of toxicity compared to calcofluor untreated larvae (e). Abbreviations: SEM, standard error of the mean