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Table 3 Parasitic nematodes of marine mammals and birds that do not show population genetic structure

From: The population genetics of parasitic nematodes of wild animals

Species

Sampled non-definitive hosts

Sampled definitive hosts

Regions sampled

Genetic marker(s)

Reference

Anisakis pegreffii

Squid (Todarodes spp., Tadaropsis eblanae), teleosts (families Bramidae, Carangidae, Clupeidae, Congridae, Emmelycthidae, Engraulidae, Gadidae, Gempylidae, Lophiidae, Merlucciidae, Myctophidae, Ophidiidae, Scombridae, Scorpaenidae, Sparidae, Trachichtyidae, Trichiuridae, Xiphiidae)

Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris), sperm whale (Physeter microcephalus), delphinid dolphins

Mediterranean, North-West Atlantic, Pacific off Falkland Islands, Madeira, New Zealand and South Africa

32 isozymes, ITS, mtDNA, RAPD

[99,100,101, 201,202,203,204,205,206]

Anisakis simplex (sensu stricto)

Squid (Tadaropsis eblanae, Todarodes sagittus, Illex coindettii), teleosts (families Carangidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Gadidae, Merlucciidae, Pleuronectidae, Salmonidae, Scomberesocidae, Scombridae, Trichiuridae)

Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), longfinned pilot whale (Globicephala melas), delphinid dolphins

North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea, Atlantic, North-West Pacific, off Japan and Madeira

32 isozymes, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, mtDNA, RAPD

[99,100,101, 202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209]

Anisakis simplex C

Teleosts (families Gadidae, Gempylidae, Myctophidae, Trachichtyidae)

Strap-toothed whale (Mesoplodon layardii), dolphins (Pseudorca crassidens, Globicephala melas)

Atlantic, Tasman Sea, North-West Pacific, off South Africa and New Zealand

24 isozymes, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, mtDNA, RAPD

[100, 101, 206]

Anisakis paggiae

 

Dolphins (Delphinus delphis, Globicephala melas, Tursiops truncatus), pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps, K. sima)

Atlantic off Spain, off South Africa and USA

19 isozymes

[100]

Anisakis brevispiculata

 

Pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps)

Off Spain and South Africa

22 isozymes

[210]

Anisakis physeteris

Teleosts (families Carangidae, Gadidae, Scombridae)

Sperm whale (Physeter microcephalus)

Mediterranean Sea, off Madeira

21 isozymes, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2

[101, 210, 211]

Anisakis typica

Teleosts (families Carangidae, Coryphaenidae, Merlucciidae, Trichiuridae, Scombridae)

Delphinid dolphins, harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus), La Plata dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei)

Off Florida, Madeira, Somalia and Brazil, Mediterranean Sea

20 isozymes, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2

[99, 101, 202]

Anisakis ziphidarum

Teleosts (families Carangidae, Scombridae, Trichiuridae)

Strap-toothed whale (Mesoplodon layardii) and Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris)

Off Madeira

22 isozymes, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2

[101, 212]

Anisakis nascettii

Black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)

Beaked whales (Mesoplodon spp.)

Off Madeira, Spain, New Zealand and South Africa

ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 mtDNA

[101, 213,214,215]

Pseudoterranova decipiens A

Teleosts (families Gadidae, Pleuronectidae, Scopthalmidae)

Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)

North-East Atlantic

9 isozymes

[216]

Pseudoterranova decipiens B

Teleosts (Cottidae, Gadidae, Lotidae, Pleuronectidae)

Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)

North Atlantic

9 isozymes

[216]

Pseudoterranova decipiens C

American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides)

Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus)

North Atlantic

9 isozymes

[216]

Contracaecum spp.

Topminnows (Poeciliopsis spp.) and the cichlid Cichlasoma beani

 

Off Arroyo Aguajita (Mexico)

17 isozymes

[217]

Contracaecum osculatum A

 

Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), grey seal (Halichoerus grypus),

North Atlantic

17 isozymes

[218]

Contracaecum osculatum B

 

Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), harp seal (Phoca groenlandica), harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)

North Atlantic

17 isozymes

[218]

Contracaecum osculatum C

 

Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)

North-East Atlantic

17 isozymes

[218]

Contracaecum osculatum D

Teleosts (families Channichthyidae, Nototheniidae)

Weddel seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)

Antarctic Southern Ocean

24 isozymes, mtDNA

[219, 220]

Contracaecum osculatum E

Teleosts (families Channichthyidae, Nototheniidae)

Weddel seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)

Antarctic Southern Ocean

24 isozymes, mtDNA

[219, 220]

Contracaecum radiatum

Crocodile icefishes (Chionodraco hamatus and Cryodraco antarcticus)

Weddel seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)

Antarctic Southern Ocean

24 isozymes

[221]

Contracaecum ogmorhini

 

Fur seals (Arctocephalus spp.)

Off Australia, Argentina and South Africa

18 isozymes, ITS1, ITS2, mtDNA

[222, 223]

Contracaecum margolisi

 

Caliphornia seal lion (Zalophus californianus)

Pacific off Canada

18 isozymes, ITS1, ITS2, mtDNA

[222, 223]

Contracaecum rudolphii A

 

Cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.)

Atlantic off Spain, off Poland and Italy

20 isozymes, ITS1, ITS2, mtDNA

[224, 225]

Contracaecum rudolphii B

 

Continental great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis)

Off Italy and Poland

20 isozymes, ITS1, ITS2, mtDNA

[224, 225]

Contracaecum septentrionale

 

Continental great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis)

Off Iceland and Norway

20 isozymes, mtDNA

[225]