Fig. 4From: Insecticide resistance status, frequency of L1014F Kdr and G119S Ace-1 mutations, and expression of detoxification enzymes in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) in two regions of northern Benin in preparation for indoor residual sprayingMono-oxygenase (a) and glutathione-S-transferase (b) activities in field populations of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.). *Population with a significantly higher enzyme activity as compared to the Kisumu reference susceptible strain. The red horizontal lines indicates the mean level of enzymatic activity. Abbreviations: MFO, Mixed function oxidases; GST, glutathione S-transferaseBack to article page