Fig. 3From: Wolbachia introduction into Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) cell lines and its effects on immune-related gene expression and interaction with Leishmania infantumWolbachia establishment (wMelPop-CLA strain) into sand fly cells. The bacteria could establish and increase their density, as shown by relative quantification through qPCR (a and d). In Lulo, the Wolbachia density is higher (a and b), in comparison with LL-5 (d and e). In (c) the Lulo cells control is shown and in f the LL-5 control. The cells were observed at 40× magnification, with the arrows pointing at Wolbachia (red), whereas the DNA is stained using DAPI (blue)Back to article page