Table 1 Trematode species in which division of labour (reproduction versus defence) has been demonstrated and/or inferred
From: Evolution, phylogenetic distribution and functional ecology of division of labour in trematodes
| Family | Species | Snail host | Location | Evidence | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Himasthlidae | Himasthla sp. B | Cerithidea californica | California | M, B | [6] |
| Himasthla rhigedana | C. californica | California | M, B | [14] | |
| Himasthla elongata | Littorina littorea | Denmark | M, B | [10] | |
| Acanthoparyphium spinulosum | C. californica | California | M, B | [14] | |
| Acanthoparyphium sp. I | Batillaria attramentaria | Japan | M, B | [13] | |
| Acanthoparyphium sp. | Zeacumantus subcarinatus | New Zealand | M | C. Lagrue (unpubl. data) | |
| Philophthalmidae | Philophthalmus sp. | Zeacumantus subcarinatus | New Zealand | M, B | [7] |
| Cloacitrema michiganensis | C. californica | California | M, B | [14] | |
| Parorchis acanthus | C. californica | California | M, B | [14] | |
| Philophthalmid sp. I | B. attramentaria | Japan | M, B | [13] | |
| Philophthalmid sp. II | B. attramentaria | Japan | M, B | [13] | |
| Heterophyidae | Euhaplorchis californiensis | C. californica | California | M, B | [15] |
| Phocitremoides ovale | C. californica | California | M | [15] | |
| Pygidiopsoides spindalis | C. californica | California | M | [15] | |
| Strictodora hancocki | C. californica | California | M, B | [15] |