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Table 2 Mean numbers and standard deviation (SD) of field-collected Culicoides imicola females to emerge over a period of 60 minutes from holding boxes kept at various temperature and 60% humidity level

From: The influence of temperature and humidity on the flight activity of Culicoides imicola both under laboratory and field conditions

Set T (°C)

Mean T (SD)

Mean RH (SD)

No. of replicates (no of individuals)*

Total no. emerged (%)

Mean (SD)

10

9.9 (0.85)

62.3 (1.57)

8 (4000)

18 (0.5)

2.3 (3.96)a

13

12.9 (1.08)

56.5 (2.78)

8 (4000)

153 (3.8)

19.1 (29.46)a

17

16.9 (0.83)

57.5 (5.04)

8 (4000)

1081 (27.0)

135.1 (44.64)b

20

19.8 (0.89)

54.0 (6.99)

8 (4000)

1045 (26.1)

130.6 (35.42)b

24

23.9 (1.06)

53.5 (9.11)

10 (5000)

906 (18.1)

90.6 (45.06)c

29

28.9 (0.80)

49.8 (11.22)

8 (4000)

600 (15.0)

75 (30.74)c

  1. Numbers per row followed by a different letter were significantly different at the 5% level
  2. Abbreviations: RH relative humidity, T temperature
  3. *Each replicate consists of 500 individuals