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Table 3 Pooled prevalence of T. evansi in various animal host species stratified by detection method

From: Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi

Host species

Detection method

No. of publications

No. of datasets

No. of animals tested

No. of animals positive

Pooled prevalence (95% CI)

Heterogeneity

I2 (%)

P-value

Buffalo

Parasitological

14

16

10,325

474

4 (7–11)

97.8

<0.01

Ab-based

8

10

4425

1001

28 (19–37)

97.5

<0.01

Ag-based

3

4

3003

1612

50 (33–67)

97.6

<0.01

Molecular

13

13

2917

379

28 (17–41)

97.7

<0.01

Camel

Parasitological

52

73

37,565

2704

9 (7–11)

97.2

<0.01

Ab-based

25

32

24,930

7069

31 (25–37)

99.0

<0.01

Ag-based

10

13

5102

1546

26 (19–33)

96.9

<0.01

Molecular

10

15

6093

1582

23 (15–32)

98.2

<0.01

NS immunoglobulin

6

10

3683

1024

35 (23–48)

98.2

<0.01

Cattle

Parasitological

18

19

13,078

253

4 (2–6)

95.6

<0.01

Ab-based

14

15

7981

1693

19 (10–29)

99.1

<0.01

Ag-based

6

7

1229

461

40 (20–63)

98.4

<0.01

Molecular

22

23

6860

851

16 (10–23)

98.2

<0.01

Dog

Parasitological

8

12

8118

89

2 (1–4)

91.7

<0.01

Ab-baseda

4

5

376

78

21 (12–33)

83.3

<0.01

Ag-baseda

1

1

70

5

–

–

–

Molecular

2

2

181

37

–

–

–

Equine

Parasitological

9

10

2772

67

2 (1–5)

91.3

<0.01

Ab-based

11

17

7397

1123

19 (11–27)

98.5

<0.01

Ag-baseda

1

1

364

15

–

–

–

Molecular

7

10

2190

165

6 (1–14)

97.0

<0.01

Small ruminants

Parasitologicala

1

2

445

2

–

–

–

Ab-based

5

10

3059

458

14 (5–27)

98.7

<0.01

Moleculara

1

2

445

14

–

–

–

Wild animals

Parasitological

15

18

1426

201

15 (10–21)

88.1

<0.01

Ab-based

10

20

2265

588

22 (13–32)

96.7

<0.01

Molecular

15

29

2102

205

13 (8–18)

88.0

<0.01

Ag-baseda

1

1

50

11

–

–

–

  1. Abbreviations: NS immunoglobulin, methods that target nonspecific immunoglobulins; CI, confidence interval; I2, between-study heterogeneity; P-value, Cochran’s Q (chi-square) test of between study heterogeneity
  2. aEstimates for subgroup categories with fewer than four datasets were omitted