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Table 2 Univariate analysis of study cohort variables based on Leishmania serostatus. Pearson’s chi-square test and ANOVA were used to analyze categorical variables where appropriate

From: Comorbid infections induce progression of visceral leishmaniasis

Variable

Leishmania+

(n = 108)

Leishmania-

(n = 115)

P-value

Sex, n (% male)

54 (24.2)

61 (27.6)

0.6886

Age, mean ± SD (range) (years)

2.45 ± 1.81 (0.42–8.00)

2.50 ± 2.45 (0.25–13.0)

 

Breed, n (% mixed breed)

11 (5.29)

9 (4.33)

0.6392

Appearance, n (%)

 Onychogryphosis

21 (19.4)

19 (16.5)

0.3691

 Cachexia

8 (7.41)

11 (9.57)

 Physical wounds

9 (8.33)

9 (7.83)

 Apathy

0 (0)

4 (3.48)

 None

81 (75)

90 (78.3)

Tick disease exposure, n (%)

 Ehrlichia alone

88 (81.5)

76 (66.1)

0.0290

 Anaplasma alone

39 (36.1)

35 (30.4)

 Anaplasma + Ehrlichia

39 (36.1)

34 (29.6)

 None

20 (18.5)

38 (33.0)

  1. Notes: Age differences assessed via Mann-Whitney test. Leishmania+ are dogs that tested positive via the DPP®CVL assay. Leishmania- are dogs that tested negative via the DPP®CVL assay
  2. Abbreviation: SD standard deviation