Table 2 Irritant effect of DEET, permethrin, carvacrol, geraniol, cuminaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde on Anopheles gambiae from reference strains, the susceptible Kisumu strain (Kis), the pyrethroid-resistant strain KdrKis and the OP-resistant strain AcerKis
From: Insecticide resistance modifies mosquito response to DEET and natural repellents
Product | Concentration (µl/cm2) | Kis strainab | KdrKis strainab | AcerKis strainab |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Permethrin | 0.010 | 37.7 (25.0–50.4) | 3.0 (0.0–7.9)* | 10.1 (0.0–21.0) * |
0.100 | 25.9 (13.8–38.0) | 45.6 (33.7–57.4) | 27.9 (16.7–39.1) | |
DEET | 0.010 | 7.6 (0.0–15.5) | 22.6 (11.3–33.8) | 16.5 (7.3–25.7) |
0.100 | 54.1 (42.6–65.7) | 71.2 (62.1–80.3) | 43.6 (32.1–55.2) | |
Carvacrol | 0.001 | 50.0 (38.2–61.8) | 0.1 (0.0–7.7)* | 13.9 (5.2–22.7)* |
0.014 | 84.3 (77.4–91.2) | 45.3 (33.4–57.2)* | 49.3 (37.2–61.5)* | |
Geraniol | 0.002 | 16.5 (5.2–27.7) | 24.8 (14.5–35.2) | 19.6 (9.1–30.2) |
0.023 | 45.9 (41.4–50.4) | 73.9 (65.7–82.0)* | 41.8 (30.4–53.3) | |
Cuminaldehyde | 0.003 | 10.4 (1.1–19.6) | 20.2 (9.5–31.0) | 9.6 (1.9–17.2) |
0.030 | 77.5 (69.4–85.6) | 63.0 (53.0–73.0) | 46.3 (35.2–57.5)* | |
Cinnamaldehyde | 0.008 | 22.0 (12.3–31.7) | 23.8 (12.7–34.9) | 11.7 (1.4–21.9) |
0.079 | 63.2 (52.9–73.4) | 70.4 (60.6–80.3) | 51.1 (38.4–63.8) |