Table 4 Summary of repellent, irritant and toxic effects of permethrin, DEET, carvacrol, geraniol, cuminaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde on Anopheles gambiae from reference strains, the susceptible Kisumu strain (Kis), the pyrethroid-resistant strain KdrKis and the OP-resistant strain AcerKis
From: Insecticide resistance modifies mosquito response to DEET and natural repellents
Product | Susceptible strain Kis | Pyrethroid-resistant strain kdrKis | OP-resistant strain acerKis |
|---|---|---|---|
Permethrin | R0 I+ T++ | ↓ R0 I− T− | ↓ R0 I− T+ |
DEET | R0 I+ T+ | ↑ R+ I+ T0 | ↑ R++ I+ T+ |
Carvacrol | R+ I++ T0 | ↓ R+ I− T0 | ↓ R0 I− T0 |
Geraniol | R+ I+ T0 | ↑ R+ I++ T0 | ↓ R− I+ T0 |
Cuminaldehyde | R+ I++ T0 | ↑ R++ I++ T0 | ↓ R+ I+ T0 |
Cinnamaldehyde | R+ I+ T+ | ↑ R++ I+ T++ | ↑ R+ I+ T++ |