Table 1 Prevalence of Leishmania (molecular and/or serological) and antibodies to Phlebotomus perniciosus saliva in cats from three regions of mainland Portugal

Sex, n (%)

349

0.111 (χ² = 2.535, df = 1)

0.468 (χ² = 0.526, df = 1)

 Female

191 (54.7)

84 (44.0)

37.1–51.1

16 (8.4)

5.2–13.2

 Male

158 (45.3)

83 (52.5)

44.8–60.2

10 (6.3)

3.5–11.3

Age, median (IQR)

36 (12–96)

72 (24–121)

<0.001 (Z = -6.379)

28 (8–96)

0.301 (Z = -1.034)

Age group, n (%)

310

<0.001 (χ² = 38.335, df = 3)

1.866 (χ² = 1.866, df = 3)

 2–11 months

70 (22.6)

16 (22.9)^a,b

14.6–34.0

7 (10.0)

4.9–19.2

 12–35 months

67 (21.6)

25 (37.3)^c

26.7–49.3

6 (9.0)

4.2–18.2

 36–95 months

85 (27.4)

39 (45.9)^a,d

35.7–56.4

4 (4.7)

1.8–11.5

 More than 95 months

88 (28.4)

62 (70.5)^b,c,d

60.2–79.0

6 (6.8)

3.2–14.1

Reproductive status, n (%)

334

<0.001 (χ² = 47.881, df = 1)

0.693 (χ² = 0.156, df = 1)

 Entire

216 (64.7)

72 (33.3)

27.4–39.9

14 (6.5)

3.9–10.6

 Neutered

118 (35.3)

86 (72.9)

64.2–80.1

9 (7.6)

4.1–13.9

Breed, n (%)

347

0.811 (χ² = 0.057 df = 1)

0.635^f

 Defined

18 (5.2)

9 (50.0)

29.0–71.0

2 (11.1)

3.1–32.8

 Mongrel

329 (94.8)

155 (47.1)

41.8–52.5

24 (7.3)

5.0–10.6

Fur length, n (%)

349

0.013 (χ² = 6.229, df = 1)

0.191^f

 Short

310 (88.8)

141 (45.5)

40.0–51.0

21 (6.8)

4.5–10.1

 Medium or long

39 (11.2)

26 (66.7)

51.0–79.4

5 (12.8)

5.6–26.7

Lifestyle, n (%)

346

<0.001 (χ² = 31.806, df = 1)

0.522 (χ² = 0.411, df = 1)

 Domestic

145 (41.9)

95 (65.5)

57.5–72.8

12 (8.3)

4.8–13.9

 Shelter/stray

201 (58.1)

70 (34.8)

28.6–41.6

13 (6.5)

3.8–10.8

Region, n (%)

350

0.001 (χ² = 14.246, df = 2)

0.467^f

 Centre

61 (17.4)

41 (67.2)^e

54.7–77.7

5 (8.2)

3.6–17.8

 Lisbon metropolitan area

266 (76.0)

112 (42.1)^e

36.3–48.1

18 (6.8)

5.6–26.7

 Algarve

23 (6.6)

14 (60.9)

40.8–77.8

3 (13.0)

4.5–32.1

Other animals, n (%)

343

0.149 (χ² = 2.082, df = 1)

0.197^f

 No

39 (11.4)

23 (59.0)

43.4–72.9

5 (12.8)

5.6–26.7

 Yes

304 (88.6)

142 (46.7)

41.2–52.3

21 (6.9)

4.6–10.3

Ectoparasiticides, n (%)

332

<0.001 (χ² = 20.516, df = 1)

0.147 (χ² = 2.101, df = 1)

 No

257 (77.4)

102 (39.7)

33.9–45.8

15 (5.8)

3.6–9.4

 Yes

75 (22.6)

52 (69.3)

58.2–78.6

8 (10.7)

5.5–19.7

Clinical signs, n (%)

350

0.137 (χ² = 2.212, df = 1

0.899 (χ² = 0.899, df = 1)

 No

252 (72.0)

114 (45.2)

39.2–51.4

19 (7.5)

4.9–11.5

 Yes

98 (28.0)

53 (54.1)

44.3–63.6

7 (7.1)

3.5–14.0

Concomitant diseases, n (%)

181

0.185 (χ² = 1.760, df = 1)

0.384 (χ² = 0.759, df = 1)

 No

99 (54.7)

62 (62.6)

52.8–71.5

11 (11.1)

6.3–18.8

 Yes

82 (45.3)

59 (72.0)

61.4–80.5

6 (7.3)

3.4–15.1

Phlebotomine activity period, n (%)

350

<0.001 (χ² = 102.048, df = 1)

0.156 (χ² = 2.016, df = 1)

 No

168 (48.0)

33 (19.6)

14.3–26.3

9 (5.4)

2.8–9.9

 Yes

182 (52.0)

134 (73.6)

66.8–79.5

0.398 (χ² = 5.148, df = 5)

17 (9.3)

5.9–14.5

0.653 (χ² = 3.308, df = 5)

  May

25 (7.1)

20 (80.0)

60.9–91.1

3 (12.0)

2.5–31.2

  June

20 (5.7)

14 (70.0)

48.1–85.5

1 (5.0)

0.9–23.6

  July

22 (6.3)

20 (90.9)

72.2–97.5

2 (9.1)

2.5–27.8

  August

18 (5.1)

13 (72.2)

49.1–87.5

0 (0.0)

0.0–17.6

  September

24 (6.9)

17 (70.8)

50.8–85.1

2 (8.3)

2.3–25.9

  October

73 (20.9)

50 (68.5)

57.1–78.0

9 (12.3)

6.6–21.8

Total, n (%)

350

167 (47.7)

42.5–52.9

26 (7.4)

5.1–10.7