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Table 1 Risk group definitions according to German ESCCAP guidelines for animals, without consideration of special risk factors (e.g. puppies, kittens, animals used for exhibitions)

From: Survey of German pet owners quantifying endoparasitic infection risk and implications for deworming recommendations

Risk group

Description

ESCCAP recommended faecal examination or deworming frequency against roundworms and tapeworms

A

Lives indoors only or goes outdoors but has no direct contact with dogs and cats of other households and does not eat prey animals/raw meat, carrion or faeces

1–2 times per year

B

Goes outdoors under supervision and has direct contact with dogs and cats of other households; but does not eat prey animals/raw meat, carrion or faeces

4 times per year

C

Goes outdoors under supervision and has direct contact with dogs and cats of other households and eats prey animals/raw meat, but does not eat carrion or faeces

4 times per year against roundworms, 12 times per year against tapeworms

D

Goes outdoors without supervision or under supervision, but has direct contact with dogs and cats of other households and eats carrion or faeces

12 times per year