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Table 3 Results of the general linear model (GLM) with Poisson error structure and log link function testing the influence of various factors on annual deworming frequency in dogs

From: Survey of German pet owners quantifying endoparasitic infection risk and implications for deworming recommendations

 

Estimate

SE

95% CI

z-value

P-value

Intercept

0.719

0.307

0.087–1.296

2.343

0.019

Owner gender (ref: male, n = 182)

-0.129

0.070

-0.266–0.006

-1.855

0.064

Owner age

-0.001

0.002

-0.006–0.004

-0.492

0.623

Attitude towards pets

Affectionate (n = 269)

Baseline

    

Devoted (n = 126)

-0.100

0.077

-0.253–0.049

-1.305

0.192

Dispassionate (n = 53)

-0.074

0.114

-0.304–0.145

-0.649

0.516

Sceptical (n = 52)

-0.256

0.122

-0.502– -0.023

-2.101

0.036

Veterinary visits

    

Once a year only (n = 227)

Baseline

    

More than once a year (n = 273)

0.328

0.069

0.193–0.465

4.736

<0.001

German ESCCAP risk groupa

A (n = 10) vs B (n = 24)

-0.176

0.303

-0.932–0.581

-0.581

0.930

A (n = 10) vs C (n = 154)

0.008

0.261

-0.646–0.662

0.031

1.000

A (n = 10) vs D (n = 312)

-0.011

0.259

-0.657–0.636

-0.041

1.000

B (n = 24) vs C (n = 154)

0.184

0.178

-0.260–0.628

1.036

0.701

B (n = 24) vs D (n = 312)

0.165

0.172

-0.266–0.596

0.958

0.749

C (n = 154) vs D (n = 312)

-0.019

0.070

-0.194–0.156

-0.268

0.992

Neighbourhooda

Rural (n = 186) vs city (n = 58)

0.003

0.106

-0.268–0.273

0.025

1.000

Suburban (n = 79) vs city (n = 58)

-0.051

0.124

-0.367–0.266

-0.411

0.976

Town (n = 177) vs city (n = 58)

-0.012

0.107

-0.286–0.261

-0.117

0.999

Suburban (n = 79) vs rural (n = 186)

-0.054

0.099

-0.306–0.199

-0.543

0.947

Town (n = 177) vs rural (n = 186)

-0.015

0.075

-0.208–0.177

-0.201

0.997

Town (n = 177) vs suburban (n = 79)

0.038

0.100

-0.218–0.295

0.383

0.980

Source of information regarding deworming

Veterinarian/vet nurse (ref: yes, n = 7)

0.412

0.213

-0.029–0.811

1.928

0.054

Non-veterinarian (other pet owners, pet shop staff, etc.) (ref: yes, n = 331)

-0.093

0.073

-0.236–0.050

-1.278

0.201

Books and magazines (ref: yes, n = 93)

0.079

0.089

-0.098–0.252

0.889

0.374

  1. Note: For this model, three outlier datapoints with a deworming frequency of 12 times/year were removed. The model was significantly different from a null model containing only an intercept term (likelihood ratio test, χ2 = 47.25, df = 15, P < 0.001). Significant P-values are printed in bold
  2. aMultiple comparisons for the levels of ESCCAP risk group and neighbourhood using Tukey contrasts with single-step P-value adjustment were performed using the function glht from the package multcomp in R
  3. Abbreviations: SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference