Time (days)
|
Survival rate (%)
|
---|
F + N
|
F
|
N
|
Control
|
---|
0
|
11 ± 10Aa
|
30 ± 8Ab
|
74 ± 3Ac
|
88 ± 2Ad
|
5
|
13 ± 9Ba
|
52 ± 5Bb
|
81 ± 3Bc
|
83 ± 2ABc
|
10
|
17 ± 9Ca
|
84 ± 2Cb
|
–
|
81 ± 2ABb
|
15
|
22 ± 8Ca
|
–
|
–
|
80 ± 2ABb
|
20
|
27 ± 9Da
|
–
|
–
|
78 ± 2Bb
|
25
|
30 ± 7Da
|
–
|
–
|
84 ± 2ABb
|
30
|
33 ± 8Ea
|
–
|
–
|
81 ± 2ABb
|
35
|
40 ± 8Fa
|
–
|
–
|
83 ± 1ABb
|
40
|
48 ± 7Ga
|
–
|
–
|
78 ± 3Bb
|
45
|
58 ± 4Ha
|
–
|
–
|
77 ± 2Bb
|
50
|
74 ± 3Ia
|
–
|
–
|
83 ± 1ABa
|
- Notes: The different suspensions/solutions were all prepared at the same time but the larvae were only added to the treatments at 5-day intervals. Time zero: larvae added to freshly prepared suspensions/solutions. Different capital letters show statistical differences within each treatment over time (columns) at the 5% level using Duncan’s post hoc test. Different lower case letters show statistical differences between treatments for the same time point (lines) at the 5% level
- Abbreviations: F, Metarhizium anisopliae conidial suspension (1 × 109 conidia ml-1); N, neem oil 0.01%