Fig. 2

The JAK-STAT, Toll and immune deficiency (Imd) pathways in mosquitoes. Activation of the JAK-STAT, Toll and Imd pathways initiates the formation of a multiprotein complexes consisting of protein kinases, transcription factors and other regulatory molecules to regulate the expression of downstream innate immunity genes, such as the genes that encode for AMPs and key factors that regulate the innate immune system