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Fig. 5 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 5

From: Transcriptional profiling of innate immune responses in sheep PBMCs induced by Haemonchus contortus soluble extracts

Fig. 5

Postulated mechanisms of how the innate immune system controls type 2 immunity to H. contortus. Haemonchus contortus immunomodulators, when being secreted into blood during feeding, upregulate germline-encoded receptors (CLEC2L, KLRG2, NLRP12, NLRC3 and HCAR2) in circulating blood cells. These receptors activate downstream signalling molecules (ATF3, IRF4, BCL3 or NFATC) and subsequently repress the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12). Loss of IL-12 signalling results in Th2 commitment, shifting host immune responses towards an anti-inflammatory type 2 immunity

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