Fig. 5

Scanning electron micrographs of S. japonicum male worms exposed to DW-3-15. After 96 h of incubation, worms became shortened (a) and showed severe damage to the gynecophoral canal (GC) (b), disintegration (DI) of the tegumental crest, blisters (B), hole-shaped erosion (E), extensive sloughing (SL) with exposure of the subtegumental muscle layer (ML) and muscle injury (MI), and swelling (SW) (c–g) and the inner wall of the gynecophoral canal showed surface fusion with spine loss (S) (h). Scale-bars: a, 500 µm; b, 300 µm; c, 50 µm; d, e, 20 µm; f, 50 µm; g, 5 µm; h, 5 µm