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Table 5 Difference in the shape of right wings from S. calcitrans reared from various animal dung. P-values (above the diagonal); distances between populations (below the diagonal). P <  0.05 denotes significant difference

From: Effect of larval density and substrate quality on the wing geometry of Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

 

Mahalanobis distances

Procrustes distances

Camel dung

Cow dung

Donkey dung

Sheep dung

Camel dung

Cow dung

Donkey dung

Sheep dung

Camel dung

–

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

–

0.20

0.0002

< 0.0001

Cow dung

1.7975

–

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.0067

–

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Donkey dung

2.2631

2.3678

–

< 0.0001

0.0109

0.0125

–

0.0476

Sheep dung

3.0651

3.1064

1.9544

–

0.0155

0.0153

0.0081

–