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Table 1 JEV seropositivity among donor birds, wild boars and sentinel chickens. Seropositivity was confirmed by PRNT after IFA screening. PRNT80 end point titre was determined by counting plaques and reporting the titre as the reciprocal of the last serum dilution to show 80% reduction of control plaques (≤ 20 plaques) counted based on the 100 pfu of virus added to each sera sample

From: Serological evidence of continued Japanese encephalitis virus transmission in Singapore nearly three decades after end of pig farming

Sample ID

Bird species

Sex/Age group

Location

Date collected

PRNT80 (end-point titer)

DB2

Crested goshawk (Accipiter trivirgatus)

na

Bukit Panjang

March 2011

103

DB3

White-bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster)

na

Changi Airport

March 2011

102

DB4

Changeable hawk-eagle (Nisaetus cirrhatus)

na

Jurong West HDB

April 2011

102

DB9

Crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela)

na

Not available

May 2011

103

DB13

Oriental honey-buzzard (Pernis ptilorhyncus)

na

Japanese Garden

May 2011

102

DB14

Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax)

na

Pasir Ris Park

May 2011

101

DB20

White-bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster)

na

Lim Chu Kang MRT

Not available

102

DB31

White-bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster)

na

Upper Seletar Reserve

April 2011

101

DB38

White-bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster)

na

Tuas

March 2012

101

DB41

Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis)

na

Jurong East

July 2012

103

DB59

Little egret (Egretta garzetta)

na

Japanese Garden

October 2012

101

DB71

Heron (not identified to species)

na

Avian Sanctuary

Not available

102

MP10

Wild boar (Sus scrofa)

na

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Mar 2013

102

MP12

Wild boar (Sus scrofa)

na

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

April 2013

101

MP19

Wild boar (Sus scrofa)

na

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

June 2013

102

MP27

Wild boar (Sus scrofa)

na

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

July 2013

101

MP32

Wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Male; juvenile

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

September 2013

101

MP33

Wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Male; adult

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

December 2013

101

MP38

Wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Male; juvenile

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

December 2013

102

MP41

Wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Male; juvenile

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

December 2013

102

MP44

Wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Female; adult

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

January 2014

102

MP45

Wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Female; piglet

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

January 2014

103

SC281013Gr

Chicken (Gallus domesticus)

Female; adult

Nature Reserve

October 2013

101

SC281013Pu

Chicken (Gallus domesticus)

Female; adult

Nature Reserve

October 2013

101

SC281013Ye

Chicken (Gallus domesticus)

Female; adult

Nature Reserve

October 2013

102

SC031114Bl

Chicken (Gallus domesticus)

Female; adult

Nature Reserve

November 2014

101

SC031114Re

Chicken (Gallus domesticus)

Female; adult

Nature Reserve

November 2014

101

SC031114Pu

Chicken (Gallus domesticus)

Female; adult

Nature Reserve

November 2014

102

  1. Abbreviation: na, not available