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Table 1 Distribution of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in crab-eating macaques in Hainan, China by fecal consistency, sex and age

From: Genotypes and public health potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in crab-eating macaques

Specimen

Sample size

Giardia duodenalis a

Enterocytozoon bieneusi

No. positive (%)

Genotype (n)

No. positive (%)

Genotype (n)

Loose stoolsb

365

150 (41.1)

B (150)

151 (41.4)

Type IV (74)

CM1 (40)

Pongo2 (12)

Peru8 (11)

CM2 (8)

Peru11 (4)

PigEbITS7 (1)

D (1)

Normal stools

1087

319 (29.3)

B (319)

310 (28.5)

Type IV (162)

CM1 (79)

Peru8 (31)

Pongo2 (15)

CM2 (9)

Peru11 (8)

CM3 (3)

D (3)

Malec

706

236 (33.4)

B (236)

258 (36.5)

Type IV (134)

CM1 (56)

Peru8 (23)

Pongo2 (18)

CM2 (11)

Peru11 (10)

D (3)

CM3 (2)

PigEbITS7 (1)

Female

599

181 (30.2)

B (181)

160 (26.7)

Type IV (78)

CM1 (53)

Peru8 (14)

Pongo2 (9)

CM2 (5)

D (1)

Unknown

147

52 (35.4)

B (52)

43 (29.3)

Type IV (24)

CM1 (10)

Peru8 (5)

Peru11 (2)

CM2 (1)

CM3 (1)

1–3 years-oldd

1102

403 (36.6)

B (403)

326 (29.6)

Type IV (160)

CM1 (95)

Peru8 (25)

Pongo2 (17)

CM2 (14)

Peru11 (7)

D (4)

CM3 (3)

PigEbITS7 (1)

> 3 years-old

350

66 (18.9)

B (66)

135 (38.6)

Type IV (76)

CM1 (24)

Peru8 (17)

Pongo2 (10)

Peru11 (5)

CM2 (3)

Total

1452

469 (32.3)

B (469)

461 (31.7)

Type IV (236)

CM1 (119)

Peru8 (42)

Pongo2 (27)

CM2 (17)

Peru11 (12)

D (4)

CM3 (3)

PigEbITS7 (1)

  1. aGiardia duodenalis detection rates were based on PCR analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and β-giardin (bg) genes
  2. bDetection rates of G. duodenalis (χ2 = 17.25, P < 0.0001) and E. bieneusi (χ2 = 20.83, P < 0.0001) are significantly higher in animals with loose stools than in those with normal stools
  3. cThe detection rate of E. bieneusi is significant higher in males than in females (χ2 = 14.391, P = 0.0001)
  4. dThe detection rate of G. duodenalis is significantly higher in 1–3 year-old animals than in older animals (χ2 = 38.11, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the detection rate of E. bieneusi is significantly lower in 1–3 year-old animals than > 3 years (χ2 = 9.90, P = 0.0016)