Ellagic acid microspheres restrict the growth of Babesia and Theileria in vitro and Babesia microti in vivo

Parasites & Vectors

Table 2 The effect of combinations of EA, β-CD EA and APSP EA with DA, AQ and CF against Babesia and Theileria parasites in vitro

Drug combination		B. bovis	B. bigemina	B. divergens	B. caballi	T. equi
EA + DA	CI value	0.402	1.046	0.317	0.854	0.474
EA + DA	Interaction	Synergism	Additive	Synergism	Synergism	Synergism
β-CD EA + DA	CI value	1.003	0.953	1.004	0.830	0.970
β-CD EA + DA	Interaction	Additive	Additive	Additive	Synergism	Additive
APSP EA + DA	CI value	0.965	0.832	0.527	1.003	0.908
APSP EA + DA	Interaction	Additive	Synergism	Synergism	Additive	Additive
EA + AQ	CI value	0.005	0.225	0.318	0.153	0.352
EA + AQ	Interaction	Synergism	Synergism	Synergism	Synergism	Synergism
β-CD EA + AQ	CI value	0.027	0.004	0.103	0.539	0.809
β-CD EA + AQ	Interaction	Synergism	Synergism	Synergism	Synergism	Synergism
APSP EA + AQ	CI value	0.609	0.801	0.325	0.902	0.780
APSP EA + AQ	Interaction	Synergism	Synergism	Synergism	Additive	Synergism
EA + CF	CI value	0.788	0.817	1.036	1.079	1.100
EA + CF	Interaction	Synergism	Synergism	Additive	Additive	Additive
β-CD EA + CF	CI value	0.032	1.001	0.002	0.900	1.003
β-CD EA + CF	Interaction	Synergism	Additive	Synergism	Additive	Additive
APSP EA + CF	CI value	1.001	0.907	1.005	1.099	1.000
APSP EA + CF	Interaction	Additive	Additive	Additive	Additive	Additive

Abbreviations: DA, diminazene aceturate; AQ, atovaquone; CF, clofazimine; EA, ellagic acid; β-CD-EA, β-cyclodextrin ellagic acid; APSP EA, antisolvent precipitation with syringe pump prepared ellagic acid; CI, combination index

ISSN: 1756-3305