Evaluation of the Clinitek®, a point-of-care urinalysis system for the measurement of clinically significant urinary metabolites and detection of haematuria in Schistosoma haematobium infected children in southern Côte d’Ivoire

Table 2 Agreement between analytical vs. manual evaluation of various parameters on the Multistix PRO urine dipstick tests

Parameter	Light infection			Heavy infection			Combined
Parameter	kappa	SE	Z	kappa	SE	Z	kappa	SE	Z
Leukocytes (LEU)	0.64	0.06	12.02	0.49^d	0.15	3.74	0.63	0.06	13.33
Nitrites (NIT)^a	0.87	0.05	13.43	nc	nc	nc	0.88	0.05	14.78
Urobilinogen (URO)	0.57	0.20	6.83	0.74	0.32	4.52	0.60	0.18	8.66
Proteins (PROT)	0.38	0.07	4.64	0.48^e	0.14	2.92	0.44	0.06	6.25
Blood (BLO)	0.79	0.04	15.64	0.81	0.12	7.35	0.82	0.03	17.59
BLO yes/no only^b	0.81	0.04	12.71	1.00	0.00	7.21	0.83	0.03	14.41
Ketone bodies (KET)	0.30^c	0.18	2.77	0.39^f	0.28	1.74	0.32	0.15	4.65
Bilirubin (BIL)	0.32	0.12	5.08	0.61	0.19	5.28	0.38	0.10	7.15
Glucose (GLU)	nc	nc	nc	nc	nc	nc	nc	nc	nc

Note: P-values for all parameters measured were lower than 0.0001 except where noted
^aUnweighted kappa statistic was applied, as the parameter is binary
^bCollapsed amount of blood measure to just positive or negative for haematuria
^cP = 0.0056
^dP = 0.0002
^eP = 0.0035
^fP = 0.0825
Abbreviation: nc, not calculable, due to lack of values in one measuring technique

ISSN: 1756-3305