A novel praziquantel solid lipid nanoparticle formulation shows enhanced bioavailability and antischistosomal efficacy against murine S. mansoni infection

Table 1 Composition of solid lipid nanoparticle formulations and their physicochemical properties when loaded with PZQ

SLN formula	Composition of SLN formulations			Physicochemical properties
SLN formula	Labrafil: Plurol oleique	Lauroglycol 90 (mg)	Labrasol (mg)	Particle size (nm)^a	PDI	ZP (mV)	EE (%)^a
F1	1:1	0.1	0.1	285.45 ± 4.39	0.843	− 14.5	5.46 ± 0.23
F2	1:3	0.1	0.1	302.3 ± 5.27	0.657	− 17.3	3.02 ± 0.11
F3	1:5	0.1	0.1	123.5 ± 2.19	0.675	− 18.5	32.04 ± 2.19
F4	1:1	0.1	0.2	140.4 ± 2.49	0.654	− 23.4	31.12 ± 3.02
F5	1:3	0.1	0.2	155.3 ± 3.01	0.765	− 24.6	54.56 ± 4.28
F6	1:5	0.1	0.2	133.6 ± 8.22	0.546	− 26.4	91.26 ± 3.39
F7	1:1	0.1	0.4	105.3 ± 4.39*	0.314	− 35.2	109.21 ± 2.83*
F8	1:3	0.1	0.4	87.32 ± 5.19*	0.432	− 38.3	101.12 ± 3.28*
F9	1:5	0.1	0.4	118.4 ± 7.10*	0.321	− 35.4	100.23 ± 1.46*

Notes: Praziquantel-loaded SLNs were composed of plurol oleique (P.O.), Labrafil and Lauroglycol 90 as core matrices Labrasol in 10 ml distilled water was incorporated at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 mg to each of the three Labrafil:plurol oleique ratios. Physiochemical properties were assessed for each formulation
^aValues represent the means ± standard deviation (SD)
* Significant differences from the different SLN formulations at P < 0.05
Abbreviations: SLN, solid lipid nanoparticle; PDI, polydispersity index; ZP, zeta potential; EE, entrapment efficiency