Fig. 4From: Species of Characidotrema Paperna & Thurston, 1968 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from fishes of the Alestidae (Characiformes) in Africa: new species, host-parasite associations and first insights into the phylogeny of the genusCharacidotrema spinivaginus (Paperna, 1973) Kritsky, Kulo & Boeger, 1987. Sclerotized structures. Abbreviations: VA, ventral anchor; DA, dorsal anchor; VB, ventral bar; DB, dorsal bar; I-VII, hooks; VAG, vagina; MCO, male copulatory organBack to article page