Resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides, and the geographical distribution and polymorphisms of target-site mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase 1 genes in Anopheles sinensis populations in Shanghai, China

Table 1 Pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance of a laboratory susceptible strain and F1 progeny of two field populations of Anopheles sinensis from Chongming District, Shanghai

Population	0.15% cyfluthrin				0.05% α-cypermethrin				0.05% deltamethrin				1% fenitrothion
Population	n	KT₅₀/min (95% CI)	Mort (%) (mean ± SD)	Status	n	KT₅₀/min (95% CI)	Mort (%) (mean ± SD)	Status	n	KT₅₀/min (95% CI)	Mort (%) (mean ± SD)	Status	n	KT₅₀/min (95% CI)	Mort (%) (mean ± SD)	Status
Laboratory susceptible strain	120	10.61 (9.22–11.76)	100.00 ± 0.00	S	123	21.18 (19.60–22.86)	99.02 ± 0.58	S	121	17.19 (16.09–18.32)	100.00 ± 0.00	S	132	55.05 (50.73–61.15)	98.61 ± 1.76	S
CM-Dongtan population	105	16.69 (15.15–18.22)	91.90 ± 7.33	PR	144	20.46 (19.10–21.93)	81.19 ± 12.19	PR	120	24.71 (22.34–27.20)	98.03 ± 3.40	S	123	109.50 (76.71–558.23)	100.00 ± 0.00	S
CM-Xinhe population	174	64.72 (52.22–98.61)	64.76 ± 6.17^**	R	150	77.29 (60.87–114.90)	21.23 ± 7.02^**	R	108	89.56 (65.77–162.03)	26.57 ± 20.01^**	R	108	130.14 (86.65–506.19)	51.77 ± 16.11^*	R

Abbreviations: KT₅₀, 50% knockdown resistance; Mort, mortality rate; CM, Chongming; CI, confidence interval; S, susceptible (mortality rate > 98%); SD, standard deviation; PR, probably resistant (mortality rate 80–98%); R, resistant (mortality rate < 80%)
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01

ISSN: 1756-3305