Resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides, and the geographical distribution and polymorphisms of target-site mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase 1 genes in Anopheles sinensis populations in Shanghai, China

Table 5 Frequencies of ace-1 genotypes in relation to mosquito phenotypical resistance/susceptibility as determined by resistibility bioassays of pyrethroid and organophosphate in F1 progeny of two Anopheles sinensis populations from Chongming District, Shanghai

Population	Insecticide	Status	n	Frequencies of ace-1 genotypes (%)
Population	Insecticide	Status	n	119G/119G	119G/119S	119S/119S
CM-Xinhe population	0.15% cyfluthrin	Alive	7	14.29	85.71
	0.15% cyfluthrin	Dead	14	14.28	78.57	7.14
	0.05% α-cypermethrin	Alive	12	8.33	91.67
	0.05% α-cypermethrin	Dead	9	22.22	77.78
	0.05% deltamethrin	Alive	9		100
	0.05% deltamethrin	Dead	10	10.00	60.00	30.00
	1% fenitrothion	Alive	8		100
	1% fenitrothion	Dead	7	14.29	85.71
CM-Dongtan population	0.15% cyfluthrin	Alive	1	100
	0.15% cyfluthrin	Dead	21	100
	0.05% α-cypermethrin	Alive	4	100
	0.05% α-cypermethrin	Dead	17	100
	0.05% deltamethrin	Alive	1	100
	0.05% deltamethrin	Dead	23	100
	1% fenitrothion	Alive	–
	1% fenitrothion	Dead	22	100

Abbreviations: ace-1, acetylcholinesterase 1; CM, Chongming District; n, number; G, Gly; S, Ser

ISSN: 1756-3305