Variable | Community | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chihuri | Kaziro | Mupfure | Nduna | |||||
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Knowledge of bilharzia | ||||||||
 Caregiver thinks she is currently infected | 1.5 | 0.8–3.1 | 1.2 | 0.6–2.7 | 2.4 | 1.3–4.5* | 0.7 | 0.3–1.9 |
What are the signs and symptoms of bilharzia infection?a | ||||||||
 Haematuria | 0.8 | 0.4–1.5 | 0.9 | 0.5–1.9 | 3.7 | 1.8–7.4* | 1.0 | 0.4–2.1 |
 Weight loss | 0.3 | 0.1–0.5* | 0.2 | 0.1–0.4* | 0.3 | 0.1–0.5* | 0.6 | 0.3–1.3 |
 Dysuria | 8.2 | 1.8–37.3* | 7.2 | 1.5–34.8* | 3.0 | 0.6–14.4 | 5.9 | 1.1–31.6* |
 Abdominal pain | 6.4 | 0.8–54.2 | 1.4 | 0.1–22.9 | 6.9 | 0.9–54.6 | 20.8 | 2.5–172.6* |
 Genital itchiness in women | 0.7 | 0.1–3.7 | – | – | 0.3 | 0.0–1.8 | – | – |
 I don’t know | 0.4 | 0.1–1.8 | – | – | 0.4 | 0.1–1.6 | 0.6 | 0.1–3.1 |
What are the complications of untreated chronic bilharzia infection?a | ||||||||
 Infertility | 1.2 | 0.6–2.1 | 0.2 | 0.1–0.4* | 0.4 | 0.3–0.8* | 0.2 | 0.1–0.5* |
 Mental disturbance | 0.3 | 0.1–0.8* | 0.8 | 0.3–2.0 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.5 | 1.2 | 0.4–3.0 |
 Death | 0.4 | 0.1–1.6 | 0.8 | 0.2–2.8 | 1.5 | 0.6–3.9 | 0.3 | 0.0–2.4 |
 I don’t know | 1.0 | 0.2–5.1 | 3 | 0.7–12.5 | 0.9 | 0.2–3.9 | – | – |
What are the prevention and control methods of bilharzia?a | ||||||||
 Taking anti-schistosomal medicines | 0.1 | 0.1–0.3* | 0.3 | 0.2–0.6* | 0.2 | 0.1–0.3* | 0.3 | 0.1–0.7* |
 Avoiding use of unprotected water bodies | 1.2 | 0.6–2.1 | 1.0 | 0.5–1.9 | 1.3 | 0.7–2.2 | 0.6 | 0.3–1.4 |
 Health education | 3.6 | 1.1–11.6* | 4.0 | 1.2–13.3* | 1.3 | 0.4–4.4 | 0.5 | 0.1–4.7 |
 Provision of WASH facilities | 1.8 | 0.7–4.9 | 3.3 | 1.2–8.8* | 2.1 | 0.8–5.1 | 2.7 | 0.9–8.1 |
Risky perceptionsa | ||||||||
 School-aged children most likely infected | 0.6 | 0.2–1.9 | 0.1 | 0.0–0.3* | 0.2 | 0.1–0.6* | 0.1 | 0.0–0.2* |
 Children aged ≤ 5 years most likely infected | 0.3 | 0.1–0.6* | 3.6 | 1.8–7.5* | 2.0 | 1.1–3.4* | 1.1 | 0.5–2.3 |
 Adult women most likely infected | 0.2 | 0.0–0.6* | 1.5 | 0.7–3.4 | 2.0 | 1.0–3.9* | 0.2 | 0.0–1.0** |
 Adult men most likely infected | 0.2 | 0.1–0.9* | 0.7 | 0.3–2.1 | 2.1 | 1.0–4.3 | 0.5 | 0.1–2.0 |
Practicesa | ||||||||
 Use unsafe water for domestic purposesb | 2.1 | 0.8–5.2 | 0.8 | 0.2–2.3 | 2.6 | 1.1–5.9* | 1.0 | 0.3–3.4 |
 Use unsafe water for laundryb | 0.6 | 0.3–1.4 | 1.4 | 0.7–3.0 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.3 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.8* |
 Bath in unsafe waterb | 0.5 | 0.3–1.0* | 0.4 | 0.2–0.8* | 0.3 | 0.2–0.6 | 0.2 | 0.1–0.5* |
 Allow PSAC to play in unsafe water while they are bathing | 0.4 | 0.2–0.8* | 0.9 | 0.5–1.8 | 0.5 | 0.3–0.8 | 1.5 | 0.7–3.0 |
 Bath PSAC using boiled water | 1.7 | 0.6–4.8 | – | – | 1.4 | 0.5–3.5 | 3.1 | 0.6–15.6 |
 Allow PSAC to help water the garden | 2.9 | 1.5–5.5* | 1.5 | 0.7–3.0 | 1.4 | 0.8–2.7 | 0.3 | 0.1–1.0** |
 Have a toilet at home | 1.5 | 0.7–3.5 | 1.5 | 0.6–3.8 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.4 | 0.4 | 0.2–0.9* |
 Use of a toilet for excreta disposal | 1.9 | 0.6–5.8 | 0.8 | 0.3–2.2 | 0.5 | 0.2–1.0 | 0.2 | 0.1–0.6* |
 Discussion of bilharzia at home | 2.1 | 0.4–11.5 | 0.4 | 0.1–1.4 | 0.8 | 0.2–2.3 | 0.6 | 0.1–2.9 |