Table 4 Worldwide occurrence of Cryptosporidium species or genotypes in selected domestic and wild populations of ungulate species; where applicable, available data are summarized from different sources per country

Alpaca

Peru

3

C. parvum (2); C. ubiquitum (1)

–

Gómez-Couso et al. [51]

Alpaca

UK

9

C. parvum (9)

–

Twomey et al. [52]; Wessels et al. [53]

Bison

Portugal

1

C. tyzzeri (1)

–

Alves et al. [54]

Boar

Czech Republic

32

C. suis (13); C. scrofarum (7)

C. suis + C. scrofarum (12)

Němejc et al. [55]

Buffalo

Egypt

70

C. parvum (41); C. ryanae (17); C. bovis (2)

C. parvum + C. ryanae (7); C. parvum + C. bovis (3)

Amer et al. [56]; Helmy et al. [57]; Mahfouz et al. [58]; Ibrahim et al. [59]

Buffalo

South Africa

2

C. ubiquitum (1); C. bovis (1)

–

Abu Samra et al. [60]

Buffalo

Australia

72

C. parvum (9); C. ryanae (58); C. scrofarum (1); C. bovis (4)

–

Abeywardena et al. [61]; Zahedi et al. [62]

Buffalo

Italy

6

C. parvum (6)

–

Caccio et al. [63]

Buffalo

Brazil

63

C. parvum (1); C. ryanae (60); unknown genotype (2)

–

Aquino et al. [64]

Camel

China

3

C. andersoni (3)

–

Wang et al. [65]; Liu et al. [66]

Cattle

Egypt

238

C. parvum (146); C. andersoni (7); C. ryanae (35); C. bovis (15)

C. parvum + C. ryanae (15); C. parvum + C. bovis (10); C. parvum + C. andersoni (3); C. ryanae + C. bovis (7)

Amer et al. [56]; Helmy et al. [57]; Mahfouz et al. [58]; Ibrahim et al. [59]

Cattle

Ethiopia

71

C. andersoni (54); C. ryanae (3); C. bovis (14)

–

Wegayehu et al. [67]

Cattle

Kenya

27

C. parvum (17); C. andersoni (3); C. ryanae (6); C. ubiquitum (1)

–

Szonyi et al. [68]; Kangʼethe et al. [69]

Cattle

Madagascar

17

C. suis (17)

–

Bodager et al. [70]

Cattle

Nigeria

65

C. andersoni (5); C. ryanae (13); C. bovis (32)

C. ryanae + C. bovis (11); C. bovis + C. andersoni (4)

Ayinmode et al. [71]; Maikai et al. [72]

Cattle

South Africa

6

C. parvum (1); C. andersoni (2); C. ubiquitum (3)

–

Abu Samra et al. [60]; Abu Samra [73]

Cattle

Tunisia

7

C. parvum (7)

–

Soltane et al. [74]

Cattle

Zambia

45

C. parvum (29); C. ubiquitum (1); C. bovis (15)

–

Geurden et al. [75]

Cattle

China

299

C. parvum (69); C. andersoni (100); C. ryanae (19); C. bovis (89)

C. parvum + C. bovis (6); C. parvum + C. ryanae (4); C. parvum + C. andersoni (3); C. bovis + C. ryanae (9)

Wang et al. [76, 77]; Huang et al. [78]

Cattle

India

21

C. parvum (6); C. andersoni (3); C. ryanae (3); C. bovis (8); C. occultus (1)

–

Khan et al. [79]

Cattle

Iran

54

C. parvum (50); C. andersoni (4)

–

Meamar et al. [80]; Fotouhi et al. [81]; Pirestani et al. [82]

Cattle

Israel

61

C. parvum (61)

Tanriverdi et al. [83]

Cattle

Japan

33

C. parvum (32); C. bovis (1)

Karanis et al. [84]

Cattle

Malaysia

14

C. parvum (11); C. ryanae (3)

Halim et al. [85]

Cattle

Australia

439

C. parvum (297); C. andersoni (20); C. ryanae (30); C. bovis (72); C. hominis (3)

C. parvum + C. bovis (12); C. parvum + C. ryanae (4); C. bovis + C. ryanae (1)

Waldron et al. [86]; Nolan et al. [87]; Ferguson et al. [88]; Ng et al. [89]; McCarthy et al. [90]; O’Brien et al. [91]; Ralston et al. [92]

Cattle

New Zealand

127

C. parvum (85); C. bovis (42)

–

Learmonth et al. [93]; Grinberg et al. [94]; Al-Mawly et al. [95]

Cattle

Belgium

114

C. parvum (105); C. suis (1); C. bovis (8)

Geurden et al. [96]

Cattle

Czech Republic

2019

C. parvum (699); C. andersoni (1315); C. bovis (5)

–

Kvac et al. [97]; Kvac et al. [98]; Ondrackova et al. [99]

Cattle

Denmark

244

C. parvum (100); C. andersoni (59); C. ryanae (11); C. bovis (57); C. occultus (3); unknown genotype (4)

C. parvum + C. andersoni (10)

Langkjaer et al. [100]; Enemark et al. [101]

Cattle

France

91

C. parvum (32); C. ryanae (14); C. ubiquitum (1); C. bovis (11)

C. parvum + C. ryanae (12); C. parvum + C. bovis (11); C. ryanae + C. bovis (8); C. parvum + C. ryanae + C. parvum (2)

Follet et al. [102]

Cattle

Hungary

22

C. parvum (21); C. ryanae (1)

–

Plutzer et al. [103]

Cattle

UK (Northern Ireland)

224

C. parvum (213); C. ryanae (3); C. bovis (8)

–

Thompson et al. [104]

Cattle

Italy

101

C. parvum (101)

–

Duranti et al. [105]

Cattle

Poland

113

C. parvum (36); C. andersoni (17); C. ryanae (8); C. bovis (52)

–

Rzeżutka & Kaupke [106]

Cattle

Portugal

82

C. parvum (82)

–

Mendonca et al. [107]

Cattle

Romania

65

C. parvum (65)

–

Imre et al. [108]

Cattle

Scotland

411

C. parvum (409); C. hominis (2)

–

Smith et al. [109]

Cattle

Serbia

62

C. parvum (62)

–

Misic & Abe [110]

Cattle

Spain

267

C. parvum (255); C. andersoni (1); C. bovis (4); C. felis (4); unknown genotype (3)

–

Mendonca et al. [107]; Quilez et al. [111]; Cardona et al. [112]

Cattle

Sweden

359

C. parvum (33); C. andersoni (4); C. ryanae (40); C. bovis (262); C. ubiquitum (1)

C. parvum + C. bovis (13); C. parvum + C. ryanae (6)

Silverlas et al. [113]; Silverlas et al. [114]; Silverlas et al. [115]; Bjorkman et al. [116]

Cattle

Switzerland

81

C. parvum (81)

–

Uhde et al. [117]

Cattle

Turkey

15

C. parvum (15)

–

Tanriverdi et al. [83]

Cattle

UK

306

C. parvum (240); C. andersoni (20); C. ryanae (1); C. bovis (31)

C. parvum + C. ryanae + C. bovis (1); C. ryanae + C. bovis (5); C. parvum + C. bovis (1); C. parvum + C. ryanae (1); C. andersoni + C. ryanae (6)

Thompson et al. [104]; Brook et al. [118]; Featherstone et al. [119]; Moriarty et al. [120]; Smith et al. [121]

Cattle

Canada

134

C. parvum (51); C. andersoni (38); C. ryanae (11); C. bovis (34)

–

Coklin et al. [122]; Coklin et al. [123]; Budu-Amoako et al. [124]; Budu-Amoako et al. [125]

Cattle

USA

698

C. parvum (240); C. andersoni (203); C. ryanae (83); C. bovis (171); C. suis (1)

Santín et al. [126]; Fayer et al. [127,128,129]; Szonyi et al. [130]

Cattle

Brazil

57

C. parvum (15); C. andersoni (33); C. ryanae (4); C. bovis (5)

Meireles et al. [131]; Sevá et al. [132]; Silva et al. [133]

Giraffe

Czech Republic

1

C. muris (1)

–

Kodádková et al. [134]

Goat

Tanzania

5

C. xiaoi (5)

–

Parsons et al. [135]

Goat

Zambia

1

C. parvum (1)

–

Goma et al. [136]

Goat

China

44

C. andersoni (16); C. ubiquitum (24); C. xiaoi (4)

–

Wang et al. [137]

Goat

Papua New Guinea

10

C. parvum (2); C. hominis (6); C. xiaoi (1); rat genotype II (1)

–

Koinari et al. [138]

Goat

Belgium

11

C. parvum (11)

Geurden et al. [139]

Goat

France

31

C. parvum (1); C. ubiquitum (12); C. xiaoi (18)

–

Rieux et al. [140]; Paraud et al. [141]

Goat

Greece

14

C. parvum (2); C. ubiquitum (5); C. xiaoi (7)

–

Tzanidakis [142]

Goat

Spain

68

C. parvum (61); C. xiaoi (7)

–

Díaz et al. [143]; Díaz et al. [144]

Goat

UK

1

C. hominis (1)

–

Giles et al. [46]

Horse

Algeria

4

C. erinacei (4)

–

Laatamna et al. [145]

Horse

China

2

C. andersoni (2)

–

Liu et al. [146]

Horse

New Zealand

9

C. parvum (9)

–

Grinberg et al. [31]

Horse

Czech Republic

12

C. parvum (1); C. muris (9); C. ryanae (1); horse genotype (1)

–

Wagnerová et al. [33]

Horse

Italy

35

C. parvum (5); horse genotype (21)

Horse genotype + C. parvum (9)

Galuppi et al. [147]

Horse

UK

3

C. parvum (3)

–

Smith et al. [121]; Chalmers et al. [148]

Horse

USA

29

C. parvum (20); horse genotype (9)

–

Wagnerová et al. [][33]; Burton et al. [149]

Impala

South Africa

2

C. ubiquitum (2)

–

Abu Samra et al. [60]

Mouflon sheep

Czech Republic

1

C. muris (1)

–

Kotková et al. [150]

Pig

Madagascar

4

C. parvum (1); C. suis (3)

–

Bodager et al. [70]

Pig

Australia

87

C. scrofarum (48); C. suis (35); C, bovis (4)

–

McCarthy et al. [90]; [Morgan et al. [151]; Johnson et al. [152]; Ryan et al. [153]

Pig

Czech Republic

1031

C. parvum (2); C. muris (5); C. scrofarum (374); C. suis (621)

C. suis + C. scrofarum (29)

Vitovec et al. [154]; Kváč et al. [155, 156]; Němejc et al. [157]

Pig

Denmark

239

C. scrofarum (171); C. suis (68)

Langkjaer et al. [100]; Petersen et al. [158]

Pig

Ireland

28

C. parvum (2); C. muris (1); C. scrofarum (11); C. suis (14)

–

Zintl et al. [32]

Pig

UK

42

C. parvum (11); C. scrofarum (25); C. suis (6)

–

Smith et al. [121]; Featherstone et al. [159]

Pig

Brazil

2

C. scrofarum (2)

–

Fiuza et al. [160]

Red deer

Czech Republic

6

C. muris (1); C. ubiquitum (5)

–

Kotková et al. [150]

Roe deer

Spain

6

C. ryanae (3); C. bovis (3)

–

García-Presedo et al. [161]

Sheep

Egypt

3

C. xiaoi (3)

–

Mahfouz et al. [58]

Sheep

Tanzania

2

C. xiaoi (2)

–

Parsons et al. [135]

Sheep

Tunisia

3

C. bovis (3)

–

Soltane et al. [74]

Sheep

Zambia

6

C. parvum (5); C. ubiquitum (1)

–

Goma et al. [136]

Sheep

China

125

C. andersoni (4); C. ubiquitum (78); C. xiaoi (43)

–

Wang et al. [162]; Li et al. [163]

Sheep

Australia

1005

C. parvum (78); C. andersoni (6); Sheep genotype I (7); C. scrofarum (8); C. suis (2); C. ubiquitum (148); C. hominis (1); C. xiaoi (641); C. bovis (66); C. macropodum (4); unknown genotype (1)

C. parvum + C. xiaoi (42); C. parvum + C. ubiquitum (1)

Sweeny et al. [43]; Yang et al. [164]; Ryan et al. [165]; Yang et al. [166, 167]

Sheep

Papua New Guinea

6

C. parvum (4); C. andersoni (1); C. scrofarum (1)

–

Koinari et al. [138]

Sheep

Belgium

9

C. parvum (9)

Geurden et al. [139]

Sheep

Greece

10

C. parvum (7); C. ubiquitum (3)

–

Tzanidakis [142]

Sheep

Romania

24

C. parvum (20); C. ubiquitum (2); C. xiaoi (2)

–

Imre et al. [168]

Sheep

Scotland

16

C. parvum (16)

–

Galuppi et al. [147]

Sheep

Spain

57

C. parvum (46); C. ubiquitum (11)

–

Díaz et al. [144, 169]

Sheep

UK

133

C. parvum (121); C. hominis (2); C. bovis (10)

–

Mueller-Doblies et al. [28]; Giles et al. [46]; Smith et al. [121]; Pritchard et al. [170]

Sheep

Brazil

42

C. parvum (3); C. ubiquitum (24); C. xiaoi (15)

–

Fiuza et al. [171]; Paz e Silva et al. [172]; Zucatto et al. [173]

White-tailed deer

Czech Republic

3

C. muris (1); C. ryanae (2)

Kotková et al. [150]

Yak

China

158

C. andersoni (72); C. ryanae (37); C. bovis (47); C. occultus (2)

–

Yang et al. [164]