Year | Reference | Country | Primate speciesa | Diagnostic test | Prevalence (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1962–1964 | Rudnick (1986) [23] | Malaysia | Silvered leaf monkey (Presbytis cristatus) | HAI and SN | 66.7 (26/39) and 47.8 (30/63) |
1962–1964 | Rudnick (1986) [23] | Malaysia | Crab-eating macaque (cynomolgus monkey) (Macaca fascicularis) | HAI and SN | 92.8 (64/69) and 68.7 (106/154) |
1962–1964 | Rudnick (1986) [23] | Malaysia | Southern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) | HAI and SN | 50.0 (1/2) and 50.0 (1/2) |
1962–1964 | Rudnick (1986) [23] | Malaysia | Sumatran surili (Presbytis melalophos) | HAI and SN | 75.0 (3/4) and 100 (2/2) |
1963–1966 and 1978 | Yuwono et al. (1984) [53] | Japan (imported from Indonesia and the Philippines) | Southeast Asian cynomolgus (Macaca iris) | PRNT | 35.8 (145/358) |
1968 | Rudnick (1986) [23] | Malaysia | Unspecified | VI | 100 (1/1) |
1969, 1971–1972 | Fagbami et al. (1977) [63] | Nigeria | Unspecified | HAI and SN | 48.9 (45/92) |
1969, 1971–1972 | Fagbami et al. (1977) [63] | Nigeria | Galagos | HAI and SN | 25.0 (3/12) |
1972 | Rudnick (1986) [23] | Malaysia | Dusky leaf monkey (Presbytis obscura) | VI | 100 (3/3) |
1974–1982 | Saluzzo et al. (1986) [61] | Senegal | Erythrocebus patas; Cercopithecus aethiops; Papio papio | CFT | 2.5 (10/395) |
1982 | Cornet et al. (1984) [20] | Senegal | Patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) | VI | 0.4 (1/250) |
1986 | De Silva et al. (1999) [57] | Sri Lanka | Toque macaque (Macaca sinica) | ELISA | 12.5 (2/16) |
1987 | De Silva et al. (1999) [57] | Sri Lanka | Toque macaque (Macaca sinica) | ELISA | 93.2 (41/44) |
1987 | Peiris et al. (1993) [56] | Sri Lanka | Toque macaque (Macaca sinica) | PRNT | 94.1 (64/68) |
1991–2009 | Kading et al. (2013) [26] | Gabon | Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) | PRNT | 8.0 (2/25) |
1995 | De Silva et al. (1999) [57] | Sri Lanka | Toque macaque (Macaca sinica) | ELISA | 21.3 (52/244) |
1996–1997 | Wolfe et al. (2001) [58] | Malaysia (Borneo) | Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) | PRNT | 29.6 (21/71) |
1999 | Inoue et al. (2003) [59] | The Philippines | Cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) | ELISA | 3.7 (2/54) |
2000 | Diallo et al. (2003) [29] | Senegal | African green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) | ELISA | 58.8 (10/17) |
2006–2014 | Catenacci et al. (2018) [67] | Brazil | Golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) | PRNT | 7.7 (8/103) |
2008–2009 | Nakgoi et al. (2014) [55] | Thailand | Pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina leonine) | PRNT | 32.7 (9/38) |
2010 | Morales et al. (2017) [66] | Argentina | Howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) | PRNT | 1.8 (2/108) |
2010 | Kato et al. (2013) [42] | The Philippines | Cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) | ELISA; PRNT; and PCR | 33.0 (33/100); 22.9 (8/35); and 42.8 (3/7) |
2010, 2012 | Hemme et al. (2016) [65] | USA (Puerto Rico) | Patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) | PRNT | 100 (21/21) |
2010, 2012 | Hemme et al. (2016) [65] | USA (Puerto Rico) | Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) | PRNT | 100 (2/2) |
2013 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Red-handed howler monkey (Alouatta belzebul) | PRNT | 100 (1/1) |
2014 | Eastwood et al. (2017) [25] | Kenya | Olive baboon (Papio anubis) | ELISA | 57.1 (4/7) |
2014 | Eastwood et al. (2017) [25] | Kenya | Yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus) | ELISA | 82.3 (14/17) |
2014 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Red-handed howler monkey (Alouatta belzebul) | PRNT | 100 (1/1) |