Scrub typhus ecology: a systematic review of Orientia in vectors and hosts

Parasites & Vectors

Table 3 Summary of free-living trombiculid mites (larvae, nymphs and adults) tested by different laboratory categories. All species testing positive for O. tsutsugamushi at least once are shown with total and median numbers tested and testing positive

Laboratory method	Vector species^a	Total no. tested	Median no. tested	Range	Total no. positive	Median no. positive/study site	Medianpositive (%)
Combination culture and serology
	L. intermedium	3237	3237	3237	3	3	0.1
	L. pallidum	1879	940	53–1826	288	144	15.3
	L. deliense	570	570	570	10	10	1.8
	L. palpale	177	177	177	0	0	0
	L. scutellare	113	56	19–94	2	1	1.8
	L. vivericola	80	80	80	1	1	1.3
Pools	L. intermedium	2	2	2	1	1	50.0
Combination culture +/− microscopy
	L. deliense	7060	3530	1180–5880	413	413	11.7
	G. cassiope	6120	6120	6120–6120	0	0	0
	A. indica	4930	4930	4930	0	0	0
	L. scutellare	65	65	65	0	0	0
Pools	L. deliense	2	2	2	1	1	50.0
Pools	L. pavlovskyi	?	?	?	1	1	–
Serology
	L. scutellare	8444	591	235–2443	41	1	0.2
	L. deliense	3030	289	41–949	132	16	5.5
	L. intermedium	1208	1208	1208	2	2	0.2
	L. pallidum	743	743	743	134	134	18.0
	L. keukenshrijveri	646	646	646	15	15	2.3
	L. fletcheri	404	202	13–391	14	7	3.5
	L. vivericola	358	358	358	15	15	4.2
	L. arvinum	181	90	58–123	9	4.5	5.0
	Leptotrombidium sp.	127	127	127	9	9	7.1
	Odontacarus sp.	81	81	81	3	3	3.7
	L. bodense	77	21	9–47	2	2	9.5
	L. peniculatum	67	67	67	1	1	1.5
	E. wichmanni	23	23	23	2	2	8.7
	M. chamlongi	5	5	5	1	1	20.0
Molecular
	L. scutellare	27	27	27	1	1	3.7
Pools	L. scutellare	242	121	8–234	7	4	3.3
Pools	L. fuji	14	14	14	1	1	7.0
Pools	N. japonica	1	1	1	1	1	100

^aLeptotombidium akamushi, L. pavlovskyi and Helenicula miyagawai were also reported as testing positive, but without a denominator
Abbreviations: L, Leptotrombidium; G, Guntheria; A, Ascoschoengastia; E, Eutrombicula; M, Microtrombicula; N, Neotrombicula
Key: +/−, with or without; ? unknown

ISSN: 1756-3305