Table 6 Multivariable logistic regression of liver fluke and rumen fluke co-infection (dependent variable) across flukicides most commonly used, summer grazing soil scale other livestock present in farm and illness or death due to F. hepatica (independent variables)

Flukicides most commonly used

Flukicides most commonly used vs summer soil type vs other livestock present in farm vs illness or death due to liver fluke (P = 0.0458)

More than one active against more than one stage vs no treatment

6.74

0.75–60.30

0.088*

Other livestock present in farm

Horses vs none

4.95

0.99–24.62

0.051*

Illness or death due to liver fluke in last 5 years

Multiple occasions vs rarely

5.49

1.09–27.53

0.039

Multiple occasions vs no

8.54

1.75–41.70

0.008

Multiple occasion vs not known

9.85

1.64–59.22

0.012