Fig. 4

Visual representation of a generalised linear mixed effect model parameter estimate describing probability of positive Fasciola hepatica coproantigen ELISA diagnosis in wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) in relation to stream length. Model covariates were mean-centred and scaled to standard deviation units prior to modelling, but axes labels are back-transformed to aid interpretation. This plot illustrates the probability of a positive diagnosis for a sample collected from a deer with a home range stream length exceeding (x > 0), or less than (x < 0), a deer that occupies “average habitat” (x = 0). Relationships for males (dashed) and females (solid) are illustrated with thick lines; thin lines indicate 95% (Wald) confidence intervals calculated using the random effect standard deviation. Histograms at the top (upside down filled) and bottom (unfilled) of the plot illustrate the number of deer for which faecal samples were allocated a positive and negative cELISA diagnosis, respectively