Associations between Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and trachoma clustering at aggregate spatial scales, Amhara, Ethiopia

Altherr, Forest M.; Nute, Andrew W.; Zerihun, Mulat; Sata, Eshetu; Stewart, Aisha E. P.; Gessese, Demelash; Melak, Berhanu; Astale, Tigist; Ayenew, Gedefaw; Callahan, E. Kelly; Chanyalew, Melsew; Gashaw, Bizuayehu; Waller, Lance A.; Tadesse, Zerihun; Nash, Scott D.

doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3790-3

Table 3 Multivariate model testing for explanatory factors and the effects on model fit characteristics associated with the residence in a cluster of high TF prevalence villages of Amhara, Ethiopia

From: Associations between Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and trachoma clustering at aggregate spatial scales, Amhara, Ethiopia

Model	Variables analyzed													Model fit
Model	Clean	Latrine	H₂O < 30	iH₂O	Crowd	Wealth	Education	HC Facility	Paved Road	Prev MDA	Precip	Temp	Altitude	AIC	LRT
1	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	+X ns	−X ns	−X**	−X ns	−X ns	+X ns	+X*	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	1339.76	283.93
2	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	+X ns	−X ns	−X**	−X ns	−X ns	+X ns	+X*	−X**	−X**	–	1338.37	283.33
3	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	+X ns	–	−X**	−X ns	−X ns	+X ns	+X*	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	1339.62	282.07
4	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	+X ns	−X ns	−X **	−X ns	–	+X ns	+X*	X**	+X ns	+X ns	1338.70	282.99
5	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	+X ns	−X ns	−X**	−X ns	−X ns	–	+X *	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	1340.00	281.69
6	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	+X ns	−X ns	−X**	–	−X ns	+X ns	+X*	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	1340.62	281.07
7	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	+X ns	–	−X**	−X ns	−X ns	+X ns	+X**	−X**	−X **	–	1338.17	281.53
8	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	+X ns	−X ns	−X**	−X ns	–	+X ns	+X *	−X**	−X**	–	1337.37	282.32
9	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	+X ns	−X ns	−X**	−X ns	−X ns	–	+X*	−X**	−X**	–	1338.72	280.98
10	−X**	−X ns	+X ns	+X ns	−X ns	−X**	–	−X ns	+X ns	+X**	−X**	−X**	–	1339.27	280.42
11	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	+X ns	–	−X**	−X ns	–	+X ns	+X**	−X**	−X**	–	1337.24	280.46
12	−X**	−X ns	+X ns	+X ns	−X ns	−X**	–	–	+X ns	+X**	−X**	−X**	–	1338.07	279.62
13	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	+X ns	−X ns	−X**	−X ns	–	–	+X*	−X**	−X**	–	1337.57	280.13
14	−X**	−X ns	+X ns	+X ns	–	−X**	–	–	+X ns	+X**	−X**	−X**	–	1337.77	277.92
15	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	+X ns	–	−X**	−X ns	–	–	+X**	−X **	−X **	–	1337.25	278.45
16	−X**	+X ns	+X ns	–	–	−X**	−X ns	–	+X ns	+X**	−X**	−X**	–	1336.60	279.10
17	−X**	+X NS	–	+X ns	–	−X**	−X ns	–	+X ns	+X**	−X**	−X**	–	1338.08	277.61
18	−X**	–	+X ns	+X ns	–	−X**	−X ns	–	+X ns	+X **	−X **	−X **	–	1335.24	280.46
19	−X**	–	–	+X ns	–	−X**	−X ns	–	+X ns	+X**	−X**	−X**	–	1336.11	277.59
20	−X**	–	+X ns	–	–	−X**	−X ns	–	+X ns	+X**	−X**	−X**	–	1334.61	279.08
21	−X**	–	–	–	–	−X**	−X ns	–	+X ns	+X**	−X**	−X**	–	1336.00	275.69

Symbols: X, variable tested in model; –, variable not included in model; −, negative association; +, positive association; ns, not significant
Notes: Variables: Clean (children who presented to examiners without nasal and ocular discharge); Latrine (household has a latrine of any type); H₂O < 30 (the household has access to a water source within 30 minutes of the home); iH₂O (the household has access to an improved water source where improved is defined using the sustainable development goals criteria for an improved source); Crowd (the household has more than 6 residents); Wealth (the mean number of household wealth indicators); Education (the percentage of households that reported having attended any type of formal education); HC Facility (the presence of any type of health facility within the surveyed village); Paved Road (the presence of a paved road within the village); Prev MDA (the number of previous rounds of antibiotic distributed to the district during MDA campaigns); Precip (the average annual precipitation in millimeters for the village); Temp (the average annual temperature in degrees Celsius for the village); altitude (the altitude for the village center). Model fit: AIC (Akaike information criterion), LRT (Likelihood ratio test)
*P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01

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ISSN: 1756-3305

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