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Table 1 Pathogen prevalence in feeding ticks on humans by developmental stage

From: Prevalence of pathogens in ticks collected from humans through citizen science in Belgium

Tick stage

No. of ticks (%)

B. burgdorferi (s.l.)

A. phagocytophilum

Babesia spp.

B. miyamotoi

N. mikurensis

R. helvetica

TBEV

Nymph

 #

1225 (80.9)

151

20

17

32

37

84

0

 % (95% CI)

12.3 (10.6–14.3)

1.6 (1.1–2.5)

1.4 (0.9–2.2)

2.6 (1.9–3.7)

3.0 (2.2–4.1)

6.8 (5.6–8.4)

0 (0–0.2)

Female

 #

248 (16.4)

51

8

4

3

4

18

0

 % (95% CI)

20.6 (15.0–26.1)

3.2 (1.6–6.3)

1.6 (0.6–4.2)

1.2 (0.4–3.7)

1.6 (0.6–4.2)

7.3 (4.6–11.2)

0 (0–1.2)

Male

 #

42 (2.7)

8

0

1

1

2

1

0

 % (95% CI)

19.1 (10.6–33.9)

0 (0–6.9)

2.4 (0.3–15.4)

2.4 (0.3–15.4)

4.8 (1.2–17.4)

2.4 (0.3–15.4)

0 (0–6.9)

Total

 #

1515 (100)

2101

28

22

36

43

103

0

 % (95% CI)

3.9 (12.2–15.7)

1.8 (1.3–2.7)

1.5 (1.0–2.2)

2.4 (1.7–3.3)

2.8 (2.1–3.8)

6.8 (5.8–8.3)

0 (0–0.2)